The Chattian is, in the
geologic timescale
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronol ...
, the younger of two
ages Ages may refer to:
*Advanced glycation end-products, known as AGEs
*Ages, Kentucky, census-designated place, United States
* ''Ages'' (album) by German electronic musician Edgar Froese
*The geologic time scale, a system of chronological measuremen ...
or upper of two
stages
Stage or stages may refer to:
Acting
* Stage (theatre), a space for the performance of theatrical productions
* Theatre, a branch of the performing arts, often referred to as "the stage"
* ''The Stage'', a weekly British theatre newspaper
* S ...
of the
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
Epoch/
Series. It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the
Rupelian and is followed by the
Aquitanian (the lowest stage of the
Miocene).
Stratigraphic definition
The Chattian was introduced by
Austrian palaeontologist
Theodor Fuchs in 1894. Fuchs named the stage after the
Chatti, a
Germanic tribe.
[Berry, Edward W]
"The Mayence Basin, a Chapter of Geologic History"
'' The Scientific Monthly'', Vol. 16, No. 2, February 1923. pp. 114. Retrieved March 18, 2020. The original
type locality was near the
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
city of
Kassel
Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020 ...
.
The base of the Chattian is at the
extinction of the
foram genus ''Chiloguembelina'' (which is also the base of
foram biozone P21b). An official
GSSP for the Chattian Stage was ratified in October of 2016.
The top of the Chattian Stage (which is the base of the Aquitanian Stage, Miocene Series and
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
System
A system is a group of Interaction, interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment (systems), environment, is described by its boundaries, ...
) is at the first appearance of
foram species ''Paragloborotalia kugleri'', the
extinction of calcareous
nanoplankton species ''Reticulofenestra bisecta'' (which forms the base of nanoplankton
biozone NN1), and the base of
magnetic
Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particle ...
C6Cn.2n.
The Chattian is coeval with regionally used stages or zones such as the upper Avernian
European mammal zone (it spans the
Mammal Paleogene zones 30 through 26 and part of 25
); the upper
Geringian and lower
Arikareean mammal zones of North America; most of the
Deseadan The Deseadan ( es, Deseadense) age is a period of geologic time (29.0–21.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene to the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It fo ...
mammal zone of South America; the upper Hsandgolian and whole
Tabenbulakian The Tabenbulakian age is a period of geologic time (28.4–23.03 Ma) within the Oligocene Epoch of the late Paleogene Period and Miocene Epoch of the early Neogene Period, used more specifically with Asian Land Mammal Ages.
It follows the Hsand ...
mammal zone of Asia; the upper Kiscellian and lower Egerian
Paratethys
The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys was a large shallow inland sea that stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia.
Paratethys was peculiar due to its pa ...
stages of Central and eastern Europe; the upper Janjukian and lower Longfordian Australian regional stages; the Otaian, Waitakian, and Duntroonian stages of the
New Zealand geologic time scale; and part of the Zemorrian Californian stage and Chickasawhayan regional stage of the eastern US.
Volcanic event
During the Chattian the largest known single-event
volcanic eruption occurred: the
Fish Canyon eruption of
La Garita
La Garita Caldera is a large caldera in the San Juan volcanic field in the San Juan Mountains near the town of Creede in southwestern Colorado, United States.
It is west of La Garita, Colorado. The eruption that created the La Garita Calder ...
with a magnitude of 9.2 and
VEI of 8.
[Mason ''et al.'' (2004)] It has been dated to ago.
[Lanphere & Baadsgaard (2001)]
References
Literature
* ; 1894: ''Tertiaerfossilien aus den kohlenführenden Miocaenablagerungen der Umgebung von Krapina und Radaboj und über die Stellung der sogenannten "Aquitanischen Stufe"'', Königlich- Ungarische Geologische Anstalt, Mittheilungen und Jahrbuch 10, p. 163-175.
* ; 2004: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004'',
Cambridge University Press.
* ; 2001: ''Precise K–Ar,
40Ar/
39Ar, Rb–Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard'', Chemical Geology 175(3–4), pp 653–671.
* ; 2004: ''The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth'', Bulletin of Volcanology 66(8), pp 735–748.
External links
Stratigraphy.org: GeoWhen Database for Chattian AgePurdue.edu: ICS subcommission for stratigraphic information − Neogene timescale (including the upper Paleogene)— ''by subcommission of International Commission on Stratigraphy− ICS''.
NorgesNetwork.no: Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene Period— ''Norwegian records of offshore geology and stratigraphy''.
{{Geological history, p, c, state=collapsed
Oligocene geochronology
Geological ages