{{Infobox noble , name = Charlotte Egerton , title = Countess of Bridgewater , image = File:Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater.jpg , caption = 1805 engraving of Charlotte Egerton by James Posselwhite (after Henry Edridge) , alt = , CoA = , more = no , succession = , reign = , reign-type = , predecessor = , successor = , suc-type = , spouse =

John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater John William Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater FRS (14 April 1753 – 21 October 1823), known as John Egerton until 1803, was a British cavalry officer, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1777 to 1803 when he succeeded to t ...

, spouse-type = , issue = , issue-link = , issue-pipe = , full name = , native_name = , noble family =

Egerton family The Egerton family (pronunciation: "''edge-er-ton''") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made Dukes, Earls, knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include t ...

, house-type = , father = Samuel Haynes , mother = Elizabeth Haynes , birth_name = Charlotte Catherine Anne Haynes , birth_date = {{Birth date, 1763, 11, 20, df=y , birth_place = , christening_date = , christening_place = , death_date = {{Death date and age, 1849, 02, 11, 1763, 11, 20, df=y , death_place =

Ashridge Ashridge is a country estate and stately home in Hertfordshire, England in the United Kingdom. It is situated in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, about north of Berkhamsted and north west of London. The estate com ...

Hertfordshire Hertfordshire ( or ; often abbreviated Herts) is one of the home counties in southern England. It borders Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire to the north, Essex to the east, Greater London to the south, and Buckinghamshire to the west. For govern ...

, burial_date = , burial_place = Church of St Peter and St Paul,

Little Gaddesden Little Gaddesden (pronounced ) is a village and civil parish in the borough of Dacorum, Hertfordshire north of Berkhamsted. As well as Little Gaddesden village (population 694), the parish contains the settlements of Ashridge (population 53), H ...

, occupation = , memorials = Rectory Lane Cemetery,

Berkhamsted Berkhamsted ( ) is a historic market town in Hertfordshire, England, in the Bulbourne valley, north-west of London. The town is a civil parish with a town council within the borough of Dacorum which is based in the neighbouring large new town ...

, Hertfordshire , website = , module = Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater (20 November 1763 – 11 February 1849), née Charlotte Haynes, was a British noblewoman. She was known for her

philanthropic Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material ...

and

charitable The practice of charity is the voluntary giving of help to those in need, as a humanitarian act, unmotivated by self-interest. There are a number of philosophies about charity, often associated with religion. Etymology The word ''charity'' ori ...

acts, and supported numerous educational and religious causes. She was responsible for the laying out of the ornamental gardens around her family home at

in Hertfordshire. Charlotte married

of the

in 1783 and from 1803 assumed the title Countess of Bridgewater through her marriage. After the death of her husband, she lived for a further 26 years as a

dowager A dowager is a widow or widower who holds a title or property—a "dower"—derived from her or his deceased spouse. As an adjective, ''dowager'' usually appears in association with monarchy, monarchical and aristocracy, aristocratic Title#Aristocr ...

Early life

Charlotte Catherine Anne Haynes was born on 20 November 1763. She was the daughter of Samuel Haynes (1789-1802) and Elizabeth. Her father was the son of Rev Hopton Haynes and Margaret Haynes, rector of

Elmsett Elmsett is a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. Located around three miles north-east of Hadleigh, it is in Babergh district. In 2005, it had a population of 826, reducing to 788 at the 2011 census. History The first record of Elmset ...

, Suffolk.{{sfn, Lundy, 2011{{cite web , title=HAYNES, Samuel (1735-1811), of Sunning Hill, Berks. {{! History of Parliament Online , url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/haynes-samuel-1735-1811 , website=The History of Parliament , access-date=9 March 2021

Marriage to the Earl of Bridgewater

Charlotte Haynes married General John Egerton on 14 January 1783 at 58

Welbeck Street Welbeck Street is a street in the West End, central London. It has historically been associated with the medical profession. Location The street runs approximately north–south between New Cavendish Street at the northern end, crossing Wigm ...

in London. Egerton was the eldest son of the Right Reverend John Egerton,

Bishop of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York. The diocese is one of the oldest in England and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords. Paul Butler has been the Bishop of Durham ...

and Lady Anne Sophia Grey and a prominent member of the

. As well as being a serving army officer, Egerton was serving as MP for

Brackley Brackley is a market town and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, bordering Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, from Oxford and from Northampton. Historically a market town based on the wool and lace trade, it was built on the inters ...

Northamptonshire Northamptonshire (; abbreviated Northants.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. In 2015, it had a population of 723,000. The county is administered by two unitary authorities: North Northamptonshire and West Northamptonshire. It is ...

.{{sfn, Lundy, 2011 On 8 March 1803, John Egerton's first cousin once removed,

Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (21 May 1736 – 8 March 1803), known as Lord Francis Egerton until 1748, was a British nobleman from the Egerton family. He was the youngest son of the 1st Duke. He did not marry, and the dukedom expired ...

and 6th

Earl of Bridgewater Earl of Bridgewater was a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England, once for the Daubeny family (1538) and once for the Egerton family (1617). From 1720 to 1803, the Earls of Bridgewater also held the title of Duke of Bridgewa ...

, died unmarried and without issue. The ducal title became extinct, but the Earldom of Bridgewater passed to John Egerton, who became the 7th Earl. Correspondingly, Charlotte assumed the title of Countess of Bridgewater. The late duke, known as the "Canal Duke", had amassed a fortune with his canal building in the North of England, and John and Charlotte Egerton were beneficiaries of that fortune.

Ashridge

Lord and Lady Bridgewater went to live at the Egerton

family seat A family seat or sometimes just called seat is the principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy. The residence usually denotes the social, economic, political, or historic connection of the family within a given area. Some families to ...

in Hertfordshire. The estate had been in the family since 1604. Prior to his death, the 3rd Duke, Lord Egerton's predecessor, had begun to demolish the medieval

Ashridge Priory Ashridge Priory was a medieval college of Austin canons called variously the "Brothers of Penitence" or the "Boni Homines". It was founded by Edmund of Almain in 1283 who donated, among other things, a phial of Christ's blood to the abbey. It w ...

in order to build a new country house. The 7th Earl of Bridgewater commissioned the architect

James Wyatt James Wyatt (3 August 1746 – 4 September 1813) was an English architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical and neo-Gothic styles. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1785 and was its president from 1805 to 1806. Early life W ...

to build a new Ashridge House.{{sfn, Sanecki, 1996 Charlotte laid the

foundation stone The cornerstone (or foundation stone or setting stone) is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure. Over time ...

for the new house on 25 October 1808, the 48th anniversary of the accession of

George III of Great Britain George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

. The ceremony is commemorated by a brass plaque by the main entrance. In 1813, part-way through the construction works, Wyatt died, and the project was completed the following year by his nephew Jeffry Wyatt (later known as Sir

Jeffry Wyatville Sir Jeffry Wyatville (3 August 1766 – 18 February 1840) was an English architect and garden designer. Born Jeffry Wyatt into an established dynasty of architects, in 1824 he was allowed by King George IV to change his surname to Wyatville ...

).{{sfn, Sanecki, 1996, p=30 Ashridge House is highly regarded today as one of the finest examples of early

Gothic Revival architecture Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...

and is now a Grade I

listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...

.{{sfn, Pevsner, 2002, pp=158-60{{NHLE , num=1348442 , desc=Grade I , access-date=10 April 2013 The Countess took a particular interest in the horticultural aspects of the new estate and took a leading role in the laying out of the gardens at Ashridge. She commissioned the noted landscape gardener

Humphrey Repton Humphry Repton (21 April 1752 – 24 March 1818) was the last great English landscape designer of the eighteenth century, often regarded as the successor to Capability Brown; he also sowed the seeds of the more intricate and eclectic styles of ...

, and they formed a friendship on his many visits to the estate. Repton presented many ideas in his ''Red Book'' for the estate in 1813, including a rosarie (or ''

rosarium A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses, and sometimes rose species. Most often it is a section of a larger garden. Designs vary tremendously and roses may ...

'') and a "Monks' Garden" commemorating Ashridge's monastic heritage with a layout of grave-shaped flower beds. Charlotte approved many of his designs, but also had her own ideas for the estate and made alterations to his proposals. Writing in 1824, the chaplain to the Earl of Bridgewater, Rev Henry Todd, noted that "the profusion of flowers which abound here, as the walks and conservatories together with the elegance of their arrangement, sufficiently indicates the care and attention bestowed by the Countess of Bridgewater upon her delightful pursuits of the garden."{{sfn, Way, 2013{{sfn, Williamson, 2020, p=199 The rosarie and the Monks' Garden are still visible at Ashridge today. In addition to Ashridge, Lady Bridgewater and her husband also owned a London property at 7

Grosvenor Square Grosvenor Square is a large garden square in the Mayfair district of London. It is the centrepiece of the Mayfair property of the Duke of Westminster, and takes its name from the duke's surname "Grosvenor". It was developed for fashionable re ...

, which they renovated with the assistance of Wyatville. In 1826, the widowed Charlotte sold the house and purchased a smaller property in the same square, at No. 20.

Death of the 7th Earl

Bridgewater Monument from Pitstone Common - geograph

The 7th Earl of Bridgewater died in October 1823, aged 70. He had no children, and left part of his estate to Charlotte. The dowager countess was aged 60 at the time of her husband's death, and outlived him by 26 years. She continued to live at the family seat at Ashridge. On the death in 1829 of her brother-in-law,

Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, (11 November 1756 – 11 February 1829), known as Francis Egerton until 1823, was a noted British eccentric from the Egerton family and supporter of natural theology. Egerton was a Church of Eng ...

, she inherited £5719.18s.6d. in dividends from shares in the family's shares in the

Bridgewater Canal The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn, Manchester and Leigh, Greater Manchester, Leigh, in North West England. It was commissioned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to transport coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester. It was ...

. The 8th Earl's will also made provision for a monument to be erected to his predecessor, the "Canal Duke".{{cite book, last1=Nevell , first1=Michael , last2=Wyke , first2=Terry , title=Bridgewater 250: The Archaeology of the World's First Industrial Canal , url=https://www.academia.edu/12812021 , chapter=Why is there no Statue to the Duke of Bridgewater in Manchester? , date=30 July 2012 , publisher=

University of Salford , caption = Coat of ArmsUniversity of Salford , mottoeng = "Let us seek higher things" , established = 1850 - Pendleton Mechanics Institute 1896 – Royal Technical Institute, Salford 1967 – gained ...

, access-date=27 June 2019 , language=en Charlotte objected to the erection of an obelisk, which she considered to be poor taste. Sir Jeffry Wyattville, the architect who completed Ashridge House, was again appointed, and in response to the countess's objections, he designed the monumnent as a Neoclassical

Doric Doric may refer to: * Doric, of or relating to the Dorians of ancient Greece ** Doric Greek, the dialects of the Dorians * Doric order, a style of ancient Greek architecture * Doric mode, a synonym of Dorian mode * Doric dialect (Scotland) * Doric ...

column. At Charlotte's behest, the

Bridgewater Monument Ashridge is a Estate (land), country estate and stately home in Hertfordshire, England in the United Kingdom. It is situated in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, about north of Berkhamsted and north west of London. ...

was sited some distance from Ashridge House so as not to be seen.{{cite book , last1=Senar , first1=Howard , title=Little Gaddesden and Ashridge , date=1983 , publisher=Phillimore , isbn=9780850334609 , page=51 A brass plaque inside the monument records that it was erected "with the approbation of Charlotte C. Anne, Countess of Bridgewater". With the death of the 8th Earl, the Bridgwater title became extinct.

Charitable work

Berkhamsted cemetery commemoration stone

The Countess was known for her benevolence, and in her widowhood acted as benefactor to a number of charitable causes. Many of her donations were to fund local schools in towns on Bridgewater Estate lands across the country. On 22 March 1844 she founded The Countess of Bridgewater's Endowment of Winston School in support of the parochial school in

Winston, County Durham Winston is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England. It is situated approximately east of Barnard Castle, on a crossroads between the A67 and B6274 roads. According to the 2011 UK Census the population was 431, the parish includes ...

. The Countess also donated £3,300 towards the restoration of St Mary's Church, Ellesmere in Shropshire and also funded the construction of the National school in Ellesmere as well as the

Old Town Hall Old or OLD may refer to: Places * Old, Baranya, Hungary * Old, Northamptonshire, England *Old Street station, a railway and tube station in London (station code OLD) *OLD, IATA code for Old Town Municipal Airport and Seaplane Base, Old Town, ...

there.{{cite web , last1=Downs , first1=Sara , title=Introducing Charlotte, Countess of Bridgewater , url=https://www.shropshirearchives.org.uk/blog/introducing-charlotte-countess-of-bridgewater/ , website=

Shropshire Archives Shropshire Archives is located in Shrewsbury, England, and is the archives and local studies service for the historic county of Shropshire, which includes the borough of Telford and Wrekin. It preserves and makes accessible documents, books, ma ...

, publisher=

Shropshire Council Shropshire Council is the local authority of Shropshire (district), Shropshire, in England, comprising the ceremonial county of Shropshire except Telford and Wrekin. It is a Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority, having the powers ...

, access-date=14 March 2021 Closer to Ashridge, in

Ivinghoe Ivinghoe is a village and civil parish in east Buckinghamshire, England, close to the border with Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. It is northwest of London, north of Tring and south of Leighton Buzzard, close to the village of Pitstone. Ety ...

Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-ea ...

, she endowed a National school there in 1865.{{cite web , last1=Sherwood , first1=Jenny , title=Remarkable Women , url=https://www.rectorylanecemetery.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/booklet-remarkable-women.pdf , publisher=Friends of St Peter's Berkhamsted , access-date=13 March 2021 , date=2018 Charlotte exhibited concern for the poor; agricultural workers on the Bridgewater lands had been made destitute during the winter months were unable to feed themselves and their families, and sometime around 1841 the Countess established a

soup kitchen A soup kitchen, food kitchen, or meal center, is a place where food is offered to the Hunger, hungry usually for free or sometimes at a below-market price (such as via coin donations upon visiting). Frequently located in lower-income neighborhoo ...

within the ruins of

Berkhamsted Castle Berkhamsted Castle is a Norman motte-and-bailey castle in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. The castle was built to obtain control of a key route between London and the Midlands during the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century. Robert of Mo ...

.{{cite web , title=Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater , url=https://www.berkhamstedcastle.org.uk/biographies/countess-of-bridgewater/ , website=www.berkhamstedcastle.org.uk , publisher=Berkhamsted Castle , access-date=13 March 2021 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313142635/https://www.berkhamstedcastle.org.uk/biographies/countess-of-bridgewater/ , archive-date=13 March 2021 , url-status=live Contemporary accounts in the ''

Bucks Herald ''The Bucks Herald'' is a weekly newspaper, published every Wednesday and covering Aylesbury and its surrounding villages in the Aylesbury Vale area of Buckinghamshire, England. It was first published on 7 January 1832. History At its launch t ...

'' describe the distribution of soup and bread to hundreds of poor people from a house in the castle grounds, thought to be the 19th-century keeper's lodge which still stands today.{{cite journal , last1=Carstairs, first1=Phil, title=Rediscovering Berkhamsted's Lost Soup Kitchen, journal=The Chronicle , date=March 2015 , pages=9–22 , url=https://rollittaround.files.wordpress.com/2021/02/chronicle-contents_mar-2021.pdf , access-date=13 March 2021 , publisher=Berkhamsted Local History & Museum Society The Countess was a dedicated benefactor to the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain ...

. In 1835 she gave £2,000 to pay for the construction of a church at Tilstock in

Whitchurch, Shropshire Whitchurch is a market town in the north of Shropshire, England. It lies east of the Welsh border, 2 miles south of the Cheshire border, north of the county town of Shrewsbury, south of Chester, and east of Wrexham. At the 2011 Census, the ...

, and the following year she donated £8,000 to build a church in Dodington, also in Whitchurch. In 1842, she purchased a mansion in Berkhamsted, Egerton House, and donated part of the land to the nearby Parish Church of St Peter for use as a detached

cemetery A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a buri ...

. A foundation stone in Rectory Lane Cemetery commemorates the donation of the Countess and the

consecration Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service. The word ''consecration'' literally means "association with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different grou ...

of the burial ground by John Kaye,

Bishop of Lincoln The Bishop of Lincoln is the ordinary (diocesan bishop) of the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln in the Province of Canterbury. The present diocese covers the county of Lincolnshire and the unitary authority areas of North Lincolnshire and ...

, on 11 October 1842.{{sfn, Wallis, Wallis, 2013, p=89{{cite web , title=Rectory Lane Cemetery, Berkhamsted , url=https://www.rectorylanecemetery.org.uk/burials/countess-of-bridgewater-commemoration-stone-plot/ , website=www.rectorylanecemetery.org.uk , publisher=Countess of Bridgewater Commemoration Stone , access-date=13 March 2021 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313142445/https://www.rectorylanecemetery.org.uk/burials/countess-of-bridgewater-commemoration-stone-plot/ , archive-date=13 March 2021 , date=2019, url-status=live In 1844, the Countess funded the construction of a

chapel of ease A chapel of ease (or chapel-of-ease) is a church architecture, church building other than the parish church, built within the bounds of a parish for the attendance of those who cannot reach the parish church conveniently. Often a chapel of ea ...

in the village of Caldwell, North Yorkshire, on Bridgewater Estate lands. A commemorative board inside the chapel of St. Hilda records the Countess of Bridgewater's donation in 1844 of £1526.14s 4d. The chapel closed to public worship in 2016.

Death and legacy

Charlotte died suddenly on 11 February 1849 whilst sitting in her chair at Ashridge, aged 86. Her published obituary in ''

The Gentleman's Magazine ''The Gentleman's Magazine'' was a monthly magazine founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731. It ran uninterrupted for almost 200 years, until 1922. It was the first to use the term ''magazine'' (from the French ''magazine'' ...

'' stated that "She was a very pious and benevolent person, and many recipients of her charity will have to bewail her loss."{{cite journal , editor1-last=Urban , editor1-first=Sylvanus , editor1-link=Sylvanus Urban , title=Obituary , journal=The Gentleman's Magazine, or Monthly Intelligencer , date=1849 , volume=31 , page=330 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LsUAAAAQAAJ , access-date=12 March 2021 , publisher=Printed and sold at St John's Gate y Edward Cave by F. Jefferies in Ludgate-Street , language=en She was buried on 22 February 1849 in the Egerton Family vault in the Church of St Peter and St Paul in

, on the Ashridge Estate. A marble wall monument designed by

Richard Westmacott Sir Richard Westmacott (15 July 17751 September 1856) was a British sculptor. Life and career Westmacott studied with his father, also named Richard Westmacott (the elder), Richard Westmacott, at his studio in Mount Street, off Grosvenor ...

commemorates the 7th Earl and a dedication to the Countess:{{cite web , title=Church History and Tour , url=https://littlegaddesdenchurch.org.uk/about/history/ , website=Little Gaddesden Parish Church , access-date=24 June 2019{{National Heritage List for England, num=1100424, desc=Church of St Peter and St Paul, Little Gaddesden {{cquote, quotealign=center, {{sc1, "And also to the memory of Charlotte Catherine Anne, widow of John William, Earl of Bridgewater, Born November 20th 1763, died February 11th 1840.
Her anxious desire during the 26 years she survived her beloved husband, was to fulfil his wishes, and to carry out his charitable intentions." , source=Memorial in St Peter and St Paul, Little Gaddesden In accordance with the

will Will may refer to: Common meanings * Will and testament, instructions for the disposition of one's property after death * Will (philosophy), or willpower * Will (sociology) * Will, volition (psychology) * Will, a modal verb - see Shall and will ...

of her late husband, the Countess left the bulk of the Bridgewater estate to

John Egerton, Viscount Alford John Hume Egerton, Viscount Alford (15 October 1812 – 3 January 1851) was a British Tory Member of Parliament from the Egerton family The Egerton family (pronunciation: "''edge-er-ton''") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, sever ...

, the eldest son of

John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow, GCH (19 August 1779 – 15 September 1853) was a British Peer and Tory politician. Life Cust was the eldest son of the 1st Baron Brownlow and his second wife, Frances. He was educated at Eton (1788–93) and ...

. Lord Alford also inherited the right to bear the Egerton family arms. Among other beneficiaries, Charlotte bequeathed £2000 to the

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) is a UK-based Christian charity. Founded in 1698 by Thomas Bray, it has worked for over 300 years to increase awareness of the Christian faith in the UK and across the world. The SPCK is th ...

. Few portraits survive of Charlotte. A pencil and chalk portrait of the Countess standing in a landscape with her dog was drawn by

Henry Edridge Henry Edridge (1768 in Paddington – 23 April 1821 in London) was the son of a tradesman and apprenticed at the age of fifteen to William Pether, a mezzotinter and landscapist, and became proficient as a painter of miniatures, portraits ...

in around 1805 and is now in the

National Trust The National Trust, formally the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, is a charity and membership organisation for heritage conservation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there is a separate and ...

's collection at

Tatton Hall Tatton Hall is a country house in Tatton Park near Knutsford, Cheshire, England. It is designated as a Grade I-listed building and is open to the public. History The original manor house in Tatton Park was Tatton Old Hall. Around 1716 a n ...

Cheshire Cheshire ( ) is a ceremonial and historic county in North West England, bordered by Wales to the west, Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, and Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south. Cheshire's county t ...

. A

stipple engraving Stipple engraving is a technique used to create tone in an intaglio print by distributing a pattern of dots of various sizes and densities across the image. The pattern is created on the printing plate either in engraving by gouging out the dots ...

was made of the portrait by James Posselwhite, now in the collection of the

National Portrait Gallery, London The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London housing a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. It was arguably the first national public gallery dedicated to portraits in the world when it ...

, and a copy hangs in Belton House,

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, Leicestershire ...

. Also in the Tatton Collection is a

portrait miniature A portrait miniature is a miniature portrait painting, usually executed in gouache, watercolor, or enamel. Portrait miniatures developed out of the techniques of the miniatures in illuminated manuscripts, and were popular among 16th-century eli ...

of Charlotte painted by

Richard Cosway Richard Cosway (5 November 1742 – 4 July 1821) was a leading English portrait painter of the Georgian and Regency era, noted for his miniatures. He was a contemporary of John Smart, George Engleheart, William Wood, and Richard Crosse. ...

in watercolour on ivory.{{cite web , title=Charlotte Catherine Anne Haynes, Countess of Bridgwater (1763-1849) 1298385 , url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1298385 , website=www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk , publisher=National Trust , access-date=9 March 2021 , language=en

References

Citations

{{reflist

Sources

* {{citation , last=Lundy , first=Darryl , date=19 July 2011 , title=Charlotte Catherine Anne Hayne, url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p15192.htm#i151912 , page=15192 § 151911, 151912 , access-date=9 March 2021 cites: **{{citation , editor-last=Cokayne , editor-first=G.E. , display-editors=etal , year=2000 , title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant , edition=reprint in 6 volumes , location= Gloucester, U.K. , publisher=Alan Sutton Publishing , volume=II , page=315 *{{citation , last=Namier , year=1964 , first=Sir Lewis , chapter=Egerton, John William (1753-1823), of Albemarle St., London , title=The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754-1790 , editor-first=L. , editor-last=Namier , editor2-first=J. , editor2-last=Brooke , publisher=Boydell and Brewer , chapter-url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/egerton-john-william-1753-1823 *{{cite book, last=Pevsner, first=Nikolaus, title=Hertfordshire, year=2002, publisher=Yale University Press, location=New Haven, isbn=9780300096118, edition=2nd, editor-last=Cherry , editor-first=Bridget, series=The Buildings of England *{{cite book , last1=Sanecki , first1=Kay N. , title=Ashridge : a living history , date=1996 , publisher=Phillmore , location=Chichester , isbn=9781860770203 *{{cite book , editor1-last=Wallis , editor1-first=Ken , editor2-last=Wallis , editor2-first=Trisha , title=Berkhamsted through time , date=2013 , publisher=BLHMS/Amberley , location=Stroud , isbn=9781445626864 , page=89 *{{cite book , last1=Way , first1=Dr Twigs , date=2013 , title=Virgins, Weeders and Queens , publisher=History Press , isbn=978-0-7524-9578-1 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LL07AwAAQBAJ&dq=%22countess+of+bridgewater%22+humphry+repton&pg=PT75 , access-date=13 March 2021 , language=en *{{cite book , last1=Williamson , first1=Tom , title=Humphry Repton : landscape design in an age of revolution , date=2020 , location=London , isbn=9781789143003, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdwBEAAAQBAJ, access-date=13 March 2020 {{authority control {{DEFAULTSORT:Bridgewater, Charlotte Countess of 1763 births 1849 deaths British countesses

Charlotte Charlotte ( ) is the List of municipalities in North Carolina, most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont (United States), Piedmont region, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Meckl ...

19th-century English nobility 19th-century English women English women philanthropists