Charles Hill Carter (1732–June 28, 1806) was a Virginia planter who represented Lancaster County in the

Virginia House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses was the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia. With the creation of the House of Burgesses in 1642, the General Assembly, which had been established ...

(1758-1775) and all five of the Virginia Revolutionary Conventions, and also sat on the first Council of State in 1776.

Early and family life

Born at

Shirley Plantation Shirley Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, USA. It is located on scenic byway State Route 5, between Richmond and Williamsburg. It is the oldest active plantation in Virgi ...

to the former Elizabeth Hill, who had been born to the last of three generations of men named Edward Hill to operate that plantation as well as represent surrounding Charles City County in the House of Burgesses. Around the time that her brother, also Edward Hill, had died of tuberculosis at age 16, Elizabeth had married John Carter, the colony's secretary of state and son of King Carter, probably the colony's wealthiest and most powerful man. Her father selected her (and her husband) to inherit Shirley plantation, instead of either of her two elder sisters. His elder brother would be named John (and was alive in 1728 and mentioned in King Carter's will) and his younger brother named Edward would also follow the family's planter and politician traditions, serving in both the House of Burgesses and later in the Virginia House of Delegates representing Albemarle County. Their sister Elizabeth became the wife of nearby burgess William Byrd III (1728-1777), and among their children was powerful politician William Byrd IV. Charles Hill Carter married twice. His first wife, Mary Carter, was his cousin, the daughter of Charles Carter of Cleve. Before she died in 1770, they had sons: John Hill Carter (1757 til after 1777), George (1761-1788, who married Lelia, the daughter of Sir. Peyton Skipwith), Charles B. Carter (1766-1807, who married his cousin Nancy Beale Carter and lived at "Mt. Atlas") and Edward Carter (1767-1806; who married his cousin Janet Carter, daughter of John Carter of "Sudley" and served in the House of Delegates representing Prince William County) and daughter Elizabeth Hill Carter (1767-1832; who married Col Robert Randolph (1760-1825) of Eastern View plantation in Fauquier County). His second wife was Ann Butler, daughter of burgess Bernard Moore of Chelsea plantation in

King William County King William County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,810. Its county seat is King William. King William County is located in the Middle Peninsula and is included in the Greater R ...

. She bore a number of children.

Career

Upon reaching legal age, this Charles Carter initially operated Shirley Plantation, which his father (who died when this boy was ten) then stepfather Bowler Cocke operated (using overseers) until Charles reached legal age. The firstborn son inherited it under

entail In English common law, fee tail or entail is a form of trust established by deed or settlement which restricts the sale or inheritance of an estate in real property and prevents the property from being sold, devised by will, or otherwise alien ...

and primogeniture from his maternal grandfather, Edward Hill III (who died in 1726, before his grandson's birth). Previous generations of the Hill family had operated Shirley and other plantations using a combination of indentured and enslaved labor. However, by this man's lifetime, few Englishmen were willing to emigrate to the colony under indenture contracts, so the labor force was primarily enslaved. According to the first Virginia tax census following the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

, in 1787, Charles Hill Carter owned 67 enslaved people above age 16 at

. He also paid taxes on another 67 younger slaves, 16 horses, and 70 cattle on that plantation. He had another 16 adult slaves, 22 enslaved children, and additional livestock at his Long Bridge plantation in the same county. Charles Carter also inherited and acquired plantations in other Virginia counties. Although his distinguishing nickname reflected the Shirley Plantation of his birth, this Carter also inherited his father's (and grandfather's) primary plantation known as Corotoman in Lancaster County. This Charles Carter also bought "Nanzitico" plantation even further north in Virginia's Tidewater region, in King George County from his cousin (and sometime Stafford County burgess) Charles Carter (of Ludlow). Like at Shirley, this Carter farmed these and other plantations using enslaved labor, and became one of Virginia's wealthiest men of his era. Charles Carter began his political career by representing Lancaster County in the House of Burgesses in 1758, and continued to win re-election to every subsequent session, until Lord Dunmore suppressed the colony's legislature in 1775. Charles Carter and fellow planter James Selden then represented Lancaster County in each of the five revolutionary Virginia Conventions. During this period, future Virginia governors

Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833March 13, 1901) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia–a grandson of the ninth pr ...

(also signer of the

Continental Association The Continental Association, also known as the Articles of Association or simply the Association, was an agreement among the American colonies adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 20, 1774. It called for a trade boycott against ...

and the

Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of th ...

) and John Tyler Sr. (a friend and former college roommate of future Virginia governor and U.S. President

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was previously the natio ...

of Berkeley and Greenway plantations in Charles City County) had similar continual re-election streaks representing Charles City County.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Charles Hill 1732 births 1806 deaths House of Burgesses members People from Lancaster County, Virginia