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Charles Henry Niehaus (January 24, 1855 — June 19, 1935), was an American sculptor.
Charles Henry Niehaus (January 24, 1855 — June 19, 1935), was an American sculptor.
Education
Niehaus was born inCincinnati
Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line wit ...
, Ohio
Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...
, to German parents. He began working as a marble and wood carver, and then gained entrance to the McMicken School of Design
The Art Academy of Cincinnati is a private college of art and design in Cincinnati, Ohio, accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design. It was founded as the McMicken School of Design in 1869, and was a department of the U ...
in Cincinnati. He studied at the Royal Academy in Munich, Germany (1877–81). The effect of the German study was that he retained much of the Neo-Classical flavor in his art while most other sculptors of his generation were drawn towards Beaux-Arts realism.
Career
He returned to America in 1881. By virtue of being a native Ohioan, he was commissioned to sculpt two statues of the recently assassinated President Garfield; one for Cincinnati (Garfield's home city), and the other, in another pose, for theNational Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old ...
at the United States Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill ...
. He moved to Rome, Italy, where he worked on the commissions, and made a study of ancient sculpture. He modeled three major male nudes during his years in Rome, including ''The Scraper'' (1883) and ''Caestus'' (1883-85). He returned to New York City in 1885, and opened a studio.
In 1887, he created a statue of Ohioan William Allen William Allen may refer to:
Politicians
United States
*William Allen (congressman) (1827–1881), United States Representative from Ohio
*William Allen (governor) (1803–1879), U.S. Representative, Senator, and 31st Governor of Ohio
*William ...
, also for Statuary Hall. In later years, he was to place statues of Oliver P. Morton
Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton (August 4, 1823 – November 1, 1877), commonly known as Oliver P. Morton, was a U.S. Republican Party politician from Indiana. He served as the 14th governor (the first native-born) of Indiana during the Amer ...
of Indiana (1900), John J. Ingalls of Kansas (1905), Zachariah Chandler
Zachariah Chandler (December 10, 1813 – November 1, 1879) was an American businessman, politician, one of the founders of the Republican Party, whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit, a four-term sena ...
of Michigan (1913), George W. Glick
George Washington Glick (July 4, 1827 – April 13, 1911) was the List of Governors of Kansas, ninth Governor of Kansas.
George Washington Glick was raised on his father's farm near Greencastle, Ohio. He enlisted for service in the Mexican–A ...
of Kansas (1914), Ephraim McDowell
Ephraim McDowell (November 11, 1771 – June 25, 1830) was an American physician and pioneer surgeon. The first person to successfully remove an ovarian tumor, he has been called "the father of ovariotomy" as well as founding father of abdomina ...
of Kentucky (1929), and Henry Clay of Kentucky (1929) in the collection. His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Monuments by Niehaus can be found in many American cities. Several of the works authored by him are equestrian statues. As was the case with other sculptors of his day he also fashioned a fair amount of architectural sculpture.
In 1900 Niehaus married noted horticulturalist Regina Armstrong and moved to New Rochelle, New York.
A resident of Cliffside Park, New Jersey
Cliffside Park is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 23,594,
* ''
Niehaus had eight statues in the Tompkins bust
from U.S. Senate.
File:Piatt-Park-5.jpg, ''James A. Garfield'' (1882–87),
James A. Garfield
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death six months latertwo months after he was shot by an assassin. A lawyer and Civil War gene ...
'', Piatt Park
Piatt Park (est. 1817), is the oldest park in Cincinnati, Ohio. The urban park stretches two blocks between Elm Street and Vine Street on Garfield Place/8th Street. The park is owned and maintained by the Cincinnati Park Board.
History
In 1817 ...
, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1882-87.
* ''The Scraper'' (''Athlete Using a Strigil''), Brookgreen Gardens
Brookgreen Gardens is a sculpture garden and wildlife preserve, located just south of Murrells Inlet, in South Carolina. The property includes several themed gardens featuring American figurative sculptures, the Lowcountry Zoo, and trails throu ...
, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, 1883.
* ''Caestus'', Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, New York City, 1883-85.
* Bas-relief panel of ''Surrender of the Hessians'', Trenton Battle Monument
The Trenton Battle Monument is a massive column-type structure in the Battle Monument section of Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It commemorates the December 26, 1776, Battle of Trenton, a pivotal victory for the Continenta ...
, Trenton, New Jersey, 1891–1893. William Rudolf O'Donovan
William Rudolf O'Donovan (March 28, 1844April 20, 1920) was an American sculptor.
Biography
O'Donovan was born in Preston County, Virginia (now West Virginia), and taught himself to sculpt. After the Civil War, in which O'Donovan served in the ...
sculpted the colossal ''George Washington'' statue atop the monument, and statues of two Continental soldiers flanking the entrance. Thomas Eakins
Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins (; July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important American artists.
For the length ...
modeled two other bas-relief panels.
* ''Moses'', Main Reading Room, Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library ...
, Washington, D.C., 1894.
* ''Edward Gibbon'', Main Reading Room, Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library ...
, Washington, D.C., 1894.
* Samuel Hahnemann Monument
The Samuel Hahnemann Monument, also known as ''Dr. Samuel Hahnemann'', is a public artwork dedicated to Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. It is located on the east side of Scott Circle, a traffic circle in the northwest quadrant of Wa ...
, Scott Circle
Scott Circle is an area in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. that is centred on the junction of Massachusetts Avenue, Rhode Island Avenue, and 16th Street, N.W.
Originally a neighborhood recreational area, unlike Dupont Circle where po ...
, Washington, D.C., 1896-1900.
* Hackley Park
Hackley Park is a municipal park in Muskegon, Michigan. In 1890, it was built on land donated by Charles H. Hackley to honor the memory of soldiers who fought in the Civil War. It is bounded by Clay & Webster, and Third & Fourth in the Muskegon ...
, Muskegon, Michigan:
**''Bust of Charles Hackley
Charles Henry Hackley (January 3, 1837 – February 10, 1905) was an American philanthropist who made his fortune in the lumber industry.
Biography
The son of Joseph H. Hackley and Salina Fuller Hackley, Charles Hackley was born in Michigan City ...
'', 1890.
** Abraham Lincoln Monument, 1900. Replicas of Niehaus's ''Abraham Lincoln'' are at the Buffalo History Museum
The Buffalo History Museum (founded as the Buffalo Historical Society, and later named the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society) is located at 1 Museum Court (formerly 25 Nottingham Court) in Buffalo, New York, just east of Elmwood Avenue and ...
in Buffalo, New York, and at Library Park in Kenosha, Wisconsin.
** David Farragut
David Glasgow Farragut (; also spelled Glascoe; July 5, 1801 – August 14, 1870) was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United States Navy. F ...
Monument, 1900.
** William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...
Monument, 1902.
* ''Bust of Robert Blum'', Cincinnati Art Museum
The Cincinnati Art Museum is an art museum in the Eden Park neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1881, it was the first purpose-built art museum west of the Alleghenies, and is one of the oldest in the United States. Its collection of ov ...
, Cincinnati, Ohio, ca. 1900.
* ''The Driller'', Edwin Drake
Edwin Laurentine Drake (March 29, 1819 – November 9, 1880), also known as Colonel Drake, was an American businessman and the first American to successfully drill for oil.
Early life
Edwin Drake was born in Greenville, New York on March 2 ...
Memorial, Woodlawn Cemetery, Titusville, Pennsylvania, 1901.
* ''Equestrian Statue of General Forrest'', Nathan Bedford Forrest Grave, Forrest Park, Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Shelby County in the southwest part of the state; it is situated along the Mississippi River. With a population of 633,104 at the 2020 U.S. census, Memphis is the second-mos ...
, 1901-05.
* '' Apotheosis of St. Louis'', Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri, 1906.
* ''William McKinley'', McKinley Memorial Mausoleum, Canton, Ohio, 1907. Niehaus also modeled the lunette bas-relief over the entrance.
* ''Benjamin Harrison'', Indiana World War Memorial Plaza
The Indiana World War Memorial Plaza is an urban feature and war memorial located in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, originally built to honor the veterans of World War I. and (PDF) It was conceived in 1919 as a location for the na ...
, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1908.
* ''James W. Beardsley'', Beardsley Park, Bridgeport, Connecticut, 1909.
* ''John Paul Jones'', John Paul Jones Memorial, West Potomac Park
West Potomac Park is a U.S. national park in Washington, D.C., adjacent to the National Mall. It includes the parkland that extends south of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool, from the Lincoln Memorial to the grounds of the Washington Monum ...
, Washington, D.C., 1912. Niehaus's plaster original is at the United States Naval Academy
The United States Naval Academy (US Naval Academy, USNA, or Navy) is a federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland. It was established on 10 October 1845 during the tenure of George Bancroft as Secretary of the Navy. The Naval Academy ...
, Annapolis, Maryland.
* ''Oliver Hazard Perry'' (1915–16), Front Park, Buffalo, New York.
* '' Orpheus with the Awkward Foot'' ( Francis Scott Key Monument), Fort McHenry National Monument
Fort McHenry is a historical American coastal pentagonal bastion fort on Locust Point, now a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. It is best known for its role in the War of 1812, when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack b ...
, Baltimore, Maryland, 1916-22.
* ''Planting the Standard of Democracy in Honor of Newark's Soldiers'', World War I Memorial, Lincoln Park, Newark, New Jersey, 1923.
* Hackensack War Monument, The Green, Bergen County Court House, Hackensack, New Jersey, 1924.
* At least 30 Civil War
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
monuments and several World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
memorials.
United States Capitol
Niehaus had eight statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old ...
at the United States Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill ...
in Washington, D.C., a record for a sculptor. However, in 2003, Kansas replaced his statue of George Washington Glick
George Washington Glick is a marble sculpture depicting the American politician of the same name by Charles Henry Niehaus, formerly installed in Washington, D.C. as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue, which was gifted by th ...
with one of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
, and in 2011, Michigan replaced his ''Zachariah Chandler'' statue with one of Gerald R. Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. ( ; born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. He was the only president never to have been elected ...
. His remaining six statues are still more than any other sculptor has in the Hall.
*''James A. Garfield
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death six months latertwo months after he was shot by an assassin. A lawyer and Civil War gene ...
'', 1886.
*''William Allen William Allen may refer to:
Politicians
United States
*William Allen (congressman) (1827–1881), United States Representative from Ohio
*William Allen (governor) (1803–1879), U.S. Representative, Senator, and 31st Governor of Ohio
*William ...
'', 1887.
*''Oliver P. Morton
Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton (August 4, 1823 – November 1, 1877), commonly known as Oliver P. Morton, was a U.S. Republican Party politician from Indiana. He served as the 14th governor (the first native-born) of Indiana during the Amer ...
'', 1900.
*''John James Ingalls
John James Ingalls (December 29, 1833August 16, 1900) was an American Republican politician who served as a United States senator from Kansas. Ingalls is credited with suggesting the state motto and designing the state seal.
Life and career
John ...
'', 1905.
*''Zachariah Chandler
Zachariah Chandler (December 10, 1813 – November 1, 1879) was an American businessman, politician, one of the founders of the Republican Party, whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit, a four-term sena ...
'', 1913 (removed 2011).
*''George W. Glick
George Washington Glick (July 4, 1827 – April 13, 1911) was the List of Governors of Kansas, ninth Governor of Kansas.
George Washington Glick was raised on his father's farm near Greencastle, Ohio. He enlisted for service in the Mexican–A ...
'', 1914 (removed 2003).
*'' Henry Clay'', 1929.
*''Ephraim McDowell
Ephraim McDowell (November 11, 1771 – June 25, 1830) was an American physician and pioneer surgeon. The first person to successfully remove an ovarian tumor, he has been called "the father of ovariotomy" as well as founding father of abdomina ...
'', 1929.
There are also two busts by Niehaus in other collections:
* ''Bust of James A. Garfield
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death six months latertwo months after he was shot by an assassin. A lawyer and Civil War gene ...
'', United States Senate Art Collection, ca. 1885.
* ''Bust of Daniel D. Tompkins
Daniel D. Tompkins (June 21, 1774 – June 11, 1825) was an American politician. He was the fifth governor of New York from 1807 to 1817, and the sixth vice president of the United States from 1817 to 1825.
Born in Scarsdale, New York, Tompkins ...
'', United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection
The United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection is a series of 46 busts in the United States Capitol, each one bearing the likenesses of a vice president of the United States. Each sculpture, from John Adams to Dick Cheney, honors the ...
, 1891.from U.S. Senate.
Architectural sculpture
*Connecticut State Capitol
The Connecticut State Capitol is located north of Capitol Avenue and south of Bushnell Park in Hartford, the capital of Connecticut. The building houses the Connecticut General Assembly; the upper house, the State Senate, and lower house, the Ho ...
, Hartford, Connecticut:
**''Bust of Joel Barlow
Joel Barlow (March 24, 1754 – December 26, 1812) was an American poet, and diplomat, and politician. In politics, he supported the French Revolution and was an ardent Jeffersonian republican.
He worked as an agent for American speculator Wil ...
'', ca. 1885.
**''Bust of George Berkeley'', ca. 1885.
**''Statue of John Davenport'', 1889.
**''Statue of Thomas Hooker
Thomas Hooker (July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647) was a prominent English colonial leader and Congregational minister, who founded the Connecticut Colony after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding spea ...
'', 1889.
**''Bust of Reverend Jonathan Edwards'', 1895.
**''Bust of John Trumbull'', 1895.
**''Bas-relief of Hooker's March'', 1895.
**''Bas-relief of Davenport Preaching at New Haven'', 1895.
* ''Astor Memorial Doors'' (south doors), Trinity Church, New York City, 1895.
* Two tympana, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library ...
, Washington, D.C., ca. 1896.
* Pedimental sculpture
Pedimental sculpture is a form of architectural sculpture designed for installation in the tympanum, the space enclosed by the architectural element called the pediment. Originally a feature of Ancient Greek architecture, pedimental sculpture st ...
of ''The Triumph of Law'', Appellate Court House, New York City, 1896–1900.
* Pedimental sculpture, Kentucky State Capitol
The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic P ...
, Frankfort, Kentucky, 1907.
Gallery
Piatt Park
Piatt Park (est. 1817), is the oldest park in Cincinnati, Ohio. The urban park stretches two blocks between Elm Street and Vine Street on Garfield Place/8th Street. The park is owned and maintained by the Cincinnati Park Board.
History
In 1817 ...
, Cincinnati, Ohio
File:Statue front - Henry Chisholm statue - Lake View Cemetery.jpg, '' Henry Chisholm'', (1884), Lake View Cemetery
Lake View Cemetery is a privately owned, nonprofit garden cemetery located in the cities of Cleveland, Cleveland Heights, and East Cleveland in the U.S. state of Ohio. Founded in 1869, the cemetery was favored by wealthy families during the Gil ...
, Cleveland
Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...
, Ohio
File:Hahnemann Memorial at Scott Circle.jpg, Samuel Hahnemann Monument
The Samuel Hahnemann Monument, also known as ''Dr. Samuel Hahnemann'', is a public artwork dedicated to Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. It is located on the east side of Scott Circle, a traffic circle in the northwest quadrant of Wa ...
(1896–1900), Scott Circle
Scott Circle is an area in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. that is centred on the junction of Massachusetts Avenue, Rhode Island Avenue, and 16th Street, N.W.
Originally a neighborhood recreational area, unlike Dupont Circle where po ...
, Washington, D.C.
File:CNLincoln.jpg, Abraham Lincoln Monument (1900), Hackley Park, Muskegon, Michigan
File:Blum Niehaus portrait bust.jpg, ''Bust of Robert Blum'' (ca. 1900), Cincinnati Art Museum
The Cincinnati Art Museum is an art museum in the Eden Park neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1881, it was the first purpose-built art museum west of the Alleghenies, and is one of the oldest in the United States. Its collection of ov ...
, Cincinnati, Ohio
File:Forrest Park Memphis TN 16.jpg, ''Nathan Bedford Forrest'' (1901–05), Forrest Park, Memphis, Tennessee
File:William McKinley Tomb (Canton, OH).JPG, ''William McKinley'' (1907), McKinley Memorial Mausoleum, Canton, Ohio
File:James W. Beardsley Monument (1909), Beardsley Park, Bridgeport, CT - April 2016.JPG, ''James W. Beardsley'' (1909), Beardsley Park, Bridgeport, Connecticut
File:Fourth grade hero.jpg, ''John Paul Jones'' (1912), John Paul Jones Memorial, Washington, D.C.
File:Niehaus & Orpheus 1917.jpg, Niehaus with his model for ''Orpheus'', (Francis Scott Key Monument) (1916–22), Baltimore, Maryland
File:CneihausNJ.jpg, World War I Monument (1923), Lincoln Park, Newark, New Jersey
File:Niehaus planting the standard 1.jpg, ''Planting the Standard of Democracy'' (1923), Lincoln Park, Newark, New Jersey
File:Ephraim McDowell, statue by Charles H. Niehaus.jpg, ''Ephraim McDowell'' (1929), United States Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill ...
, Washington, D.C.
Notes
References
* Bzdak, Meredith Arms, photographs by Douglas Peterson, ''Public Sculpture in New Jersey: Monuments to Collective identity'', Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1999 * * Connecticut State Capitol Statuary'', The League of Women Voters of Connenticut: Education Fund * Hardin Campen, Richard N., ''Outdoor Sculpture in Ohio: A Comprehensive Overview of Outdoor Sculpture in Ohio, Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present'', West Summit Press, Chagrin Falls, Ohio, 1980 * Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, ''Architectural Sculpture of America'', unpublished manuscript * Opitz, Glenn B, Editor, ''Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers'', Apollo Book, Poughkeepsie NY, 1986 * Proske, Beatrice Gilman, ''Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture'', Brookgreen Gardens, South Carolina, 1968External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Niehaus, Charles Henry 1855 births 1935 deaths Artists from Cincinnati People from Cliffside Park, New Jersey Artists from New Rochelle, New York American people of German descent Art Academy of Cincinnati alumni Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni 20th-century American sculptors 20th-century American male artists 19th-century American sculptors American male sculptors Neoclassical sculptors National Sculpture Society members Sculptors from New York (state) Sculptors from Ohio 19th-century American male artists Olympic competitors in art competitions