Charles Gilbert Chaddock (November 14, 1861 – July 20, 1936) was an American
neurologist
Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...
,
psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their sy ...
, and
translator
Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...
. He is remembered for describing the
Chaddock reflex
The Chaddock reflex is a diagnostic reflex similar to the Plantar reflex#Babinski-like responses, Babinski reflex. Chaddock's sign is present when stroking of the lateral malleolus causes extension of the great toe, indicating damage to the cortico ...
and is credited with the coinage of the terms ''
bisexuality
Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one gender. It may also be defined to include romantic or sexual attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, whic ...
'', ''
heterosexuality
Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to ...
'', and ''
homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to peop ...
'' in the
English language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...
.
Biography
Charles Gilbert Chaddock was born on November 14, 1861 in
Jonesville, Michigan
Jonesville is a city in Hillsdale County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,176 at the 2020 census.
History
The area was first settled by brothers Benaiah and Edmund Jones, who came here from Painesville, Ohio in 1828 and purch ...
.
In 1885, he graduated from the
University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery, then worked at the
North Michigan Asylum in
Traverse City
Traverse City ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Grand Traverse County, although a small portion extends into Leelanau County. It is the largest city in the 21-county Northern Michigan region. The population was ...
as a staff physician. From 1889 to 1890, Chaddock studied in Munich. On his return, he again worked at the Asylum, before, in 1892, becoming Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases at Marion-Sims College, which later became part of the
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Saint Louis University School of Medicine is a private, Jesuit medical school. Part of Saint Louis University, the institution was established in 1836.
The school has an enrollment of around 700, with about 550 faculty members and 550 residents in ...
. He married Adelaide Gowans MacPherson in 1890.
Baddock returned to Europe in 1897, spending most of the time as assistant to
Joseph Babinski
Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski ( pl, Józef Julian Franciszek Feliks Babiński; 17 November 1857 – 29 October 1932) was a French- Polish professor of neurology. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathologi ...
. On his return to the United States in 1899, Chaddock introduced American physicians to
Babinski's sign
The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms. In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion). An upward r ...
, later publishing a translation of Babinski's work. Chaddock introduced his
eponymous reflex in 1911, calling it the ''External Malleolar sign''. He also described an analogous sign in the upper limb. Chaddock died on July 20, 1936.
He was interred by a Protestant reverend in Oakwood Cemetery,
Allegan, Michigan
Allegan ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Its population was 5,222 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Allegan County. It lies within Allegan Township but is administratively autonomous.
History
The men after whom Allegan's ...
.
Legacy
Chaddock is credited with the first use of the words ''
heterosexuality
Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to ...
'' and ''
homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to peop ...
'' in the
English language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...
,
as well as the first use of the word ''
bisexuality
Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one gender. It may also be defined to include romantic or sexual attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, whic ...
'' in its sense of being sexually attracted to both women and men,
in his translation of
Richard von Krafft-Ebing's ''
Psychopathia Sexualis
''Psychopathia Sexualis: eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie'' (''Sexual Psychopathy: A Clinical-Forensic Study'', also known as ''Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathetic Sexual Instinct: A Medico-forensic Study'') is an ...
'' in 1892.
Prior to Von Krafft-Ebing's new use of the term, "bisexual" was usually used to refer to
hermaphroditic
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes.
Many taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrates) do not have separ ...
plants, that is having both male and female reproductive structures, or to refer to mixed-sex situations such as schools.
References
External links
*
*
Works by or about Charles Gilbert Chaddockat the Online Books Page
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaddock, Charles Gilbert
1861 births
1936 deaths
19th-century American physicians
19th-century American translators
20th-century American physicians
20th-century American translators
American neurologists
American psychiatrists
People from Jonesville, Michigan
Saint Louis University faculty
University of Michigan Medical School alumni