Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was

King of Sardinia The following is a list of rulers of Sardinia, in particular, of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica from 1323 and then of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1479 to 1861. Early history Owing to the absence of written sources, litt ...

from 1796 to 1802. He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I.

Biography

Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia was born in

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. Th ...

, the eldest son of Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia, and of his wife

Infanta ''Infante'' (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as Infant or translated as Prince, is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to ...

Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain , mother = Elisabeth Farnese , birth_date = , birth_place = Alcázar of Seville, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Castle of Moncalieri, Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia , burial_date = September 1785 , burial_place = Basilica o ...

. From his birth to his own succession to the throne of Sardinia in 1796, Charles Emmanuel was styled "

Prince of Piedmont The lordship of Piedmont, later the principality of Piedmont ( it, Piemonte), was originally an appanage of the Savoyard county and as such its lords were members of the Achaea branch of the House of Savoy. The title was inherited by the elder bra ...

"."Carlo Emanuele IV, King of Sardinia", The British Museum
/ref> Duprà Domenico, follower of - Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia

In 1775, Charles Emmanuel married

Marie Clotilde of France Marie Clotilde of France (Marie Adélaïde Clotilde Xavière; 23 September 1759 – 7 March 1802), known as Clotilde in Italy, was Queen of Sardinia by marriage to Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia. She was the younger sister of Louis XVI of F ...

, the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France and Princess

Marie-Josèphe of Saxony Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria of Saxony (4 November 1731 – 13 March 1767) was Dauphine of France through her marriage to Louis, the son and heir of Louis XV. Marie Josèphe was the mother of three kings of France, Louis ...

, and sister of King

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was e ...

. Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other. Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful. At the death of his father (14 October 1796), Charles Emmanuel succeeded as King of Sardinia. The kingdom included not only the island of Sardinia but also significant territories in northwest

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

including all of

Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

. At his succession to the throne in 1796, Sardinia had been forced to conclude the disadvantageous

Treaty of Paris (1796) The Treaty of Paris of 15 May 1796 was a treaty between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia during the War of the First Coalition. After four years of fighting, the French under Bonaparte had finally beaten the Piedmontese ...

with the

French Republic France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798 the French, under

Joubert Joubert is a French surname. It is a regional variant form of Jaubert, originating in the centre west and centre south of France.Albert Dauzat (Foreword by Marie-Thérèse Morlet), ''Noms et prénoms de France'', éditions Larousse 1980. p. 346b. ...

, occupied Turin and forced Charles Emanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia,''Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places'', (Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger, eds.) Routledge, 2013, p. 116
which stayed out of the reach of the French army. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain

. He and his wife lived in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

and in

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

as guests of the wealthy

Colonna family The House of Colonna, also known as ''Sciarrillo'' or ''Sciarra'', is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope ( Martin V) and many other church and polit ...

Porträt der König Carlo Emanuele IV von Savoyen

On 7 March 1802, Charles Emmanuel's wife Marie Clothilde died. He was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate, on 4 June 1802, in favour of his brother

Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel may refer to: * Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (1759–1824), Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia * Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1820–1878), King of Sardinia and later King of Italy * Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1869–1947), King ...

. Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of King. He lived in

and in the nearby town of

Frascati Frascati () is a city and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum. Frascati is closely associated wit ...

. In

he was a frequent guest of

Henry Benedict Stuart Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Great Brita ...

, Cardinal Duke of York, last member of the Royal

House of Stuart The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter ...

, who was his cousin. Charles was descended from

Henrietta Anne Stuart Henrietta Anne of England (16 June 1644 O.S. New_Style.html" ;"title="6 June 1644 New Style">N.S.– 30 June 1670) was the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria. Fleeing England with her mother and govern ...

, the youngest daughter of

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

, whereas Henry Benedict Stuart was descended from James II who was the second son of

. When Henry died in 1807, Charles Emmanuel became the heir-general of King Charles I of England and Scotland, and thus inherited the Jacobite claim to the British throne. Unlike his three predecessors, however, he (as well as his successors) never made any attempt to claim the throne. In 1815, at the age of sixty-four, Charles Emmanuel took

simple vow A solemn vow is a certain vow ("a deliberate and free promise made to God about a possible and better good") taken by an individual during or after novitiate in a Catholic religious institute. It is solemn insofar as the Church recognizes it a ...

s in the

Society of Jesus , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...

(the Jesuits). He was never ordained to the priesthood but lived the rest of his life at the Jesuit novitiate in Rome. Charles Emmanuel died at the

Palazzo Colonna The Palazzo Colonna () is a palatial block of buildings in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli. It is built in part over the ruins of an old Roman serapeum, and it has belonged to t ...

in Rome on 6 October 1819. He is buried in the Church of

Sant'Andrea al Quirinale The Church of Saint Andrew on the Quirinal ( it, Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, la, S. Andreae in Quirinali) is a Roman Catholic titular church in Rome, Italy, built for the Jesuit seminary on the Quirinal Hill. The church of Sant'Andrea, an importan ...

Ancestors

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles Emmanuel 04 Of Savoy 1751 births 1819 deaths 18th-century kings of Sardinia 19th-century kings of Sardinia Nobility from Turin Princes of Piedmont Monarchs who abdicated Claimant Kings of Jerusalem Jacobite pretenders Princes of Savoy 19th-century Italian Jesuits Burials at Sant'Andrea al Quirinale Grand Masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor