![Charles Dunoyer](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Charles_Dunoyer.PNG)
Charles Dunoyer Barthélemy-Charles-Pierre-Joseph Dunoyer de Segonzac (20 May 1786 – 4 December 1862), better known as Charles Dunoyer, was a French economist of the
French Liberal School
The French Liberal School, also called the Optimist School or the Orthodox School, is a 19th-century school of economic thought that was centered on the Collège de France and the Institut de France. The ''Journal des Économistes'' was instrument ...
.
Dunoyer gave one of the earliest theories of
economic cycle
Business cycles are intervals of expansion followed by recession in economic activity. These changes have implications for the welfare of the broad population as well as for private institutions. Typically business cycles are measured by examini ...
, building on the theory of periodic crises of
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi (also known as Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de Sismondi) (; 9 May 1773 – 25 June 1842), whose real name was Simonde, was a Swiss historian and political economist, who is best known for his works on French and ...
and introducing the notion of the economy periodically cycling between two phases.
Biography
Dunoyer was born in
Carennac
Carennac () is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France in the historical region of Quercy.
The village lies in the fertile valley of the Dordogne under the arid plateau locally named 'le Causse'. Its landmarks include a medieval ...
,
Quercy
Quercy (; oc, Carcin , locally ) is a former province of France located in the country's southwest, bounded on the north by Limousin, on the west by Périgord and Agenais, on the south by Gascony and Languedoc, and on the east by Rouergue and Au ...
(now in
Lot
Lot or LOT or The Lot or ''similar'' may refer to:
Common meanings Areas
* Land lot, an area of land
* Parking lot, for automobiles
*Backlot, in movie production
Sets of items
*Lot number, in batch production
*Lot, a set of goods for sale togethe ...
). In 1814, he had founded together with
Charles Comte
François-Charles-Louis Comte (1782–1837) was a French lawyer, journalist and political writer.
Biography
In 1814, Comte, along with Charles Dunoyer, founded with '' Le Censeur'', a liberal journal. In 1820, he was found guilty of attacks agai ...
the journal ''
Le Censeur
''Le Censeur'' was a French journal of institutional and legal reform, described sometimes as a ''Journal Industrialiste'', founded in 1814 by Charles Dunoyer and Charles Comte as a platform for their liberal, radical, anti-Bourbon and anti-Bonap ...
'', a platform for liberal ideas. Dunoyer would also publish a variety of books on political economy, among them ''De la Liberté du travail'' (''On the Freedom of Labour'', 1845).
Dunoyer was an early member of the
Société d'économie politique
The Société d’Economie Politique () is a French learned society concerned with political economy. It was founded in 1842 to provide a forum for discussion of free trade, a subject of violent debate at the time, and has continued to organize dis ...
organized in 1842 by
Pellegrino Rossi
Pellegrino Luigi Odoardo Rossi (13 July 1787 – 15 November 1848) was an Italian economist, politician and jurist. He was an important figure of the July Monarchy in France, and the minister of justice in the government of the Papal States, unde ...
.
He was a member of the
Académie des Sciences morales et politiques
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosop ...
of the
Institut de France
The (; ) is a French learned society, grouping five , including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute m ...
. He was also a member of the
Conseil d'État of the
Second Republic. While many know of the less than amiable relationship between
Auguste Comte
Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense ...
and
Saint-Simon, there is much less knowledge of the more amiable twenty-five-year-long relationship between Auguste Comte and Charles Dunoyer. The latter relationship is discussed most fully by
Leonard Liggio
Leonard P. Liggio (July 5, 1933 – October 14, 2014) was a classical liberal author, research professor of law at George Mason University and executive vice president of the Atlas Network in Fairfax, Virginia.
Career
In 1965, Liggio gave lectu ...
in "Charles Dunoyer and French Classical Liberalism".
Auguste Comte
Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense ...
's intellectual biographer Mary Pickering also cites a review of Liggio's article when she too mentions this relationship. Dunoyer is also mentioned in the opening sentences of the entry on
slavery
Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...
by the Comtist
John Kells Ingram
John Kells Ingram (7 July 1823 – 1 May 1907) was an Irish mathematician, economist and poet who started his career as a mathematician. He has been co-credited, along with John William Stubbs, with introducing the geometric concept of inver ...
in both the ninth, or scholar's edition, of the ''
Encyclopædia Britannica
The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various time ...
'' and the later eleventh edition as well. Although he is one of the over 550 worthies cited in Auguste Comte's ''Calendar of Great Men'' (1849), Dunoyer is primarily cited as a substitute for
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (baptized 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as "The Father of Economics"——— ...
.
Dunoyer died on 4 December 1862 in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
.
Bibliography
*
L’Industrie et la morale considérées dans leurs rapports avec la liberté', 1825
*
Nouveau traité d'économie sociale, ou Simple exposition des causes sous l'influence desquelles les hommes parviennent à user de leurs forces avec le plus de liberté, c'est-à-dire avec le plus de facilité et de puissance, Tome 1', 1830
*
Nouveau traité d'économie sociale, ou Simple exposition des causes sous l'influence desquelles les hommes parviennent à user de leurs forces avec le plus de liberté, c'est-à-dire avec le plus de facilité et de puissance, Tome 2', 1830
*
De la Liberté d’enseignement', 1844
*
De la Liberté du travail, ou Simple exposé des conditions dans lesquelles les forces humaines s’exercent avec le plus de puissance', 1845
*
La Révolution du 24 Février', 1848
* ''Rapport fait au nom de la section de morale sur le concours concernant les rapports de la morale et de l'économie politique'', 1860
References
Further reading
* Gruner, Shirley M. (1969) "Political Historiography in Restoration France", History and Theory, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 346–365.
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External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunoyer, Charles
French economists
French tax resisters
French classical liberals
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
1786 births
1862 deaths