Charles Jacques Bouchard (6 September 1837 – 28 October 1915) was a French pathologist and an esperantist born in Montier-en-Der, a commune the department of Haute-Marne.

Biography

He studied medicine in Lyon and Paris, where he obtained his doctorate in 1866. In 1874 he became a physician at Bicêtre Hospital, and in 1879 was appointed chair of general pathology. In 1886, he became a member of the Academie de Médecine. Bouchard is remembered for his work with infectious and

nutritional disease Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. Specifically, it is "a Deficiency (medicine), deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and Vitamin deficiency, other nutrients" wh ...

s. He was a student of Jean Charcot at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and with Charcot described a disorder that would later be known as a " Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm". It is described as a small aneurysm on

cerebral Cerebral may refer to: * Of or relating to the brain * Cerebrum, the largest and uppermost part of the brain * Cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the cerebrum * Retroflex consonant, also referred to as a cerebral consonant, a type of consonant so ...

perforated vessels that could be the cause of intracranial hemorrhages. Bouchard wrote about the aneurysm in his doctorate thesis ''Étude sur quelques points de la pathogénie des hémorrhagies cérébrales''. Bouchard promoted a theory of intestinal autointoxication.Forth, Christopher E. (2006). ''The Dreyfus Affair and the Crisis of French Manhood''. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 185. His name is also lent to the eponymous " Bouchard's nodes", which are bony outgrowths of the

proximal interphalangeal joints The interphalangeal joints of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand. There are two sets in each finger (except in the thumb, which has only one joint): * "proximal int ...

, and are a sign of osteoarthritis.

Selected publications

He was the author of ''Traité de Pathologie Générale'', a compendium of medical pathology, and also "Lectures on Auto-Intoxication in Disease, or Self-Poisoning of the Individual". Other noted writings by Bouchard are as follows: * ''Études expérimentales sur l'identité de l'herpès circiné et de l'herpès tonsurant'', 1860 * ''Des dégenerations secondaires de la moëlle épinière'', 1866 * ''Étude sur quelques points de la pathogénie des hémorrhagies cérébrales'', 1866 * ''Les auto-intoxications'', 1866 translated a
''Lectures on auto-intoxication in disease''
1894 * ''De la pathogénie des hémorrhagies'', 1869 * ''Questions relatives à la reforme des études médicales'', 1907.

References

External links

The clinician, germs and infectious diseases: the example of Charles Bouchard in Paris by Alain Contrepois
''Charles-Joseph Bouchard''
@ Who Named It {{DEFAULTSORT:Bouchard, Charles-Joseph 1837 births 1915 deaths Alternative detoxification promoters French pathologists Members of the French Academy of Sciences People from Haute-Marne Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala