''Charaxes ethalion'', the satyr emperor or satyr charaxes, is a

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

of the family

Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...

. It is found in southern Africa."''Charaxes'' Ochsenheimer, 1816"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''

Description

The

wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of ...

is 45–55 mm in males and 50–63 mm in females. ''Ch. ethalion'' Bdv. Very nearly allied to '' c. etheocles'' and only differing in the male in the genital armature and in the female in having the cell of the forewing above unicolorous, never with light spots. Male: wings above velvety black, almost without metallic gloss. Forewing above without marginal spots and at most with a postdiscal and a discal spot; spot in the cell often absent. Hindwing with small or indistinct whitish submarginal dots and greenish, in cellules 4–6 often red-yellow marginal streaks. The female is similar to that of ''etheocles'' f. ''etheocles'', but has no spot in the cell of the forewing. The markings are white, ochre-yellow or bluish. Cape to British East Africa. — Larva unicolorous green with a yellowish-bordered spot on the sixth segment. —ab. ''kitungulensis'' Strand has two postdiscal spots in 6 and 7, but no other light spots on the forewing. German East Africa. A full description is also given by Rothschild, W. And Jordan, K., 1900 ''Novitates Zoologicae'' Volume 7:478-47

(for terms see ''Novitates Zoologicae'' Volume 5:545-601

Biology

The habitat is forest and dense moist savanna, including Miombo, Brachystegia woodland. Larvae feed on ''

Albizia ''Albizia'' is a genus of more than 160 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae. The genus is pantropical, occurring in Asia, Africa, Madagascar, America and A ...

'' spp., '' Newtonia buchananii,

Peltophorum africanum __NOTOC__ ''Peltophorum africanum'', the weeping wattle, is a semi-deciduous to deciduous flowering tree growing to about 15 meters tall. It is native to Africa south of the equator. Their yellow flowers bloom on the ends of branches in upright, s ...

'', ''

Dichrostachys cinerea ''Dichrostachys cinerea'', known as sicklebush, Bell mimosa, Chinese lantern tree or Kalahari Christmas tree (South Africa), is a legume of the genus ''Dichrostachys'' in the family Fabaceae. Other common names include omubambanjobe (Tooro Ugan ...

'', ''

Acacia ataxacantha ''Senegalia ataxacantha'', commonly known as the flame thorn, is an African tree species with conspicuous red pods and numerous hooked prickles. Range It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal in the west to Sudan in the east, Namibia ...

'', and '' Scutia myrtina''. Notes on the biology of ''ethalion'' are given by Pringle et al. (1994), and Kielland, J. (1990).

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically: *''C. e. binghami'' Henning, 1982 (Zambia, northern Zimbabwe) *''C. e. ethalion'' Boisduval, 1847 (Mozambique, eastern Zimbabwe, Eswatini, South Africa: Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal) *''C. e. fisheri'' Henning, 1982 (Zambia: north to the southern part of Lake Tanganyika) *''C. e. handmani'' Henning, 1982 (Malawi: south to the Mlanje district) *''C. e. kikuyuensis'' van Someren, 1967 (Kenya: highlands east of the Rift Valley) *''C. e. kitungulensis'' Strand, 1911.Strand, E . 1911 Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn Hauptman a, D. Fromm 1908/09 nach Deutsch-Ostafrika. 1. Lepidoptera. ''Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin'' 5: 275-304.. (Tanzania, Malawi, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Lualaba, Shaba, Maniema) *''C. e. littoralis'' van Someren, 1967 (eastern Kenya, eastern Tanzania) *''C. e. marsabitensis'' van Someren, 1967 (Kenya: north to Mount Marsabit) *''C. e. nyanzae'' van Someren, 1967 (Uganda, south-western Kenya, western Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo: east to Lake Mweru)

Similar species

'' Charaxes pondoensis'' and ''

Charaxes karkloof ''Charaxes karkloof'', the Karkloof emperor, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South Africa.species group ''Charaxes etheocles''.

Realm

Afrotropical realm The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...

References

External links

''Charaxes ethalion'' images
subspecies and forma at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

.
Images of ''C. ethalion ethalion''

Royal Museum for Central Africa The Royal Museum for Central Africa or RMCA ( nl, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika or KMMA; french: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale or MRAC; german: Königliches Museum für Zentralafrika or KMZA), also officially known as the AfricaMuse ...

(Albertine Rift Project)
Images of ''C. ethalion kikuyuensis''
(Albertine Rift Project)
Images of ''C. ethalion kitungulensis ''
(Albertine Rift Project) {{DEFAULTSORT:Charaxes Ethalion ethalion Butterflies described in 1847