''Cetraria'' is a genus of
fruticose lichens
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or mor ...
that associate with
green algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the Charophyte alga as ...
as
photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.[heath
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler ...]
. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''
Cetraria islandica
''Cetraria islandica'', also known as true Iceland lichen or Iceland moss, is an Arctic-alpine lichen whose erect or upright, leaflike habit gives it the appearance of a moss, where its name likely comes from.
Description
It is often of a pale ...
'', Iceland moss, is one of the few
culinary lichens, ground and eaten by
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...
ans
in times of famine.
Another species is used today as a "bulking" agent in
garam masala
Garam masala Hindustani_language.html"_;"title="rom_Hindustani_language">Hindustani_/_(''garm_masala'',_"hot_spices")is_a_Spice_mix.html" ;"title="Hindustani language">Hindustani / (''garm masala'', "hot spices")">Hindustani_language.html" ;"tit ...
of traditional
Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine consists of a variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to India. Given the diversity in soil, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially and use locally available spices, he ...
.
Species
*''
Cetraria aculeata
''Cetraria aculeata'' or the spiny Iceland lichen is a dark brown to black fruticose, soil Iceland lichen from the family Parmeliaceae. The species was first described by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel Edler von Schreber in 1771 unde ...
''
*''
Cetraria arenaria''
*''
Cetraria australiensis''
*''
Cetraria corrugata''
*''
Cetraria endochrysea''
*''
Cetraria ericetorum''
*''
Cetraria flavonigrescens''
*''
Cetraria isidiigera''
*''
Cetraria islandica
''Cetraria islandica'', also known as true Iceland lichen or Iceland moss, is an Arctic-alpine lichen whose erect or upright, leaflike habit gives it the appearance of a moss, where its name likely comes from.
Description
It is often of a pale ...
''
*''
Cetraria kamczatica
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''Cetrari ...
''
*''
Cetraria laevigata''
*''
Cetraria minuscula
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''Cetrari ...
''
*''
Cetraria muricata
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''Cetrari ...
''
*''
Cetraria nigricans
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''Cetrari ...
''
*''
Cetraria odontella
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''Cetrari ...
''
*''
Cetraria racemosa
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges.
''Cetrari ...
''
*''
Cetraria sepincola
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichen, fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe ...
''
*''
Cetraria sinensis''
*''
Cetraria wangii''
*''
Cetraria weii''
The species once known as ''Cetraria subscutata'' was placed into
synonymy
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...
with ''
Nephromopsis chlorophylla''.
References
Gallery
Cetraria arenaria-4.jpg, '' Cetraria arenaria''
Cetraria islandica 300808.jpg, ''Cetraria islandica
''Cetraria islandica'', also known as true Iceland lichen or Iceland moss, is an Arctic-alpine lichen whose erect or upright, leaflike habit gives it the appearance of a moss, where its name likely comes from.
Description
It is often of a pale ...
''
Cetraria laevigata.jpg, '' Cetraria laevigata''
Cetraria laevigata-2.jpg, Marginal projections on ''C. laevigata''
Parmeliaceae
Lichen genera
Taxa named by Erik Acharius
Lecanorales genera
Taxa described in 1803
{{Parmeliaceae-stub