Flower chafers are a group of
scarab beetles
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change in recent years. Several sub ...
, comprising the subfamily Cetoniinae. Many species are
diurnal and visit
flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...
s for
pollen and
nectar, or to browse on the petals. Some species also feed on
fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...
. The group is also called fruit and flower chafers, flower beetles and flower scarabs. There are around 4,000 species, many of them still undescribed.
Twelve tribes are presently recognized:
Cetoniini
Cetoniini is a tribe of fruit and flower chafers in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. There are over 80 genera in Cetoniini.
Genera
Subtribus Cetoniina
*''Aethiessa'' Burmeister, 1842
*'' Anatona'' Burmeister, 1842
*'' Anelaphinis' ...
,
Cremastocheilini,
Diplognathini,
Goliathini,
Gymnetini,
Phaedimini,
Schizorhinini,
Stenotarsiini,
Taenioderini,
Trichiini
The Trichiini are a tribe of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae), though historically they were often classified as a subfamily, Trichiinae. The conspicuous bee beetles (''Trichius'') are probably the best-known genus in Europe.
They vary i ...
,
Valgini, and
Xiphoscelidini.
The tribe Gymnetini is the biggest of the American tribes, and Goliathini contains the largest species, and is mainly found in the
rainforest regions of
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
.
Description
Adult flower chafers are usually brightly coloured beetles, often metallic, and somewhat flattened in shape. The insertions of the
antennae are visible from above, while the
mandibles
In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone ...
and
labrum are hidden by the
clypeus. The
elytra
An elytron (; ; , ) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alterna ...
lack a narrow membranous margin and are truncate to expose the
pygidium
The pygidium (plural pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is compo ...
. The abdominal
spiracles are diverging so that several lie on the abdominal
sternites
The sternum (pl. "sterna") is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen.
In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the ...
with at least one exposed. The fore coxae are conical and produced ventrally, while the mid coxae are transverse or only slightly oblique. The mesothoracic epimera is visible from above. The tarsi are each equipped with a pair of simple (not forked) tarsal claws of subequal size.
A feature possessed by adults of many flower chafers, especially Cetoniini, is lateral emargination of the elytra.
Larvae are stout-bodied and very hairy with short legs. The head is partly covered by the
prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum ( dorsal), the prosternum ( ventral), and the propleuron ( lateral) o ...
. Each antenna has the apical segment as wide as the penultimate segment. The galea and lacinia are used to form a mala. The anal cleft is transverse. The mandible has a ventral
stridulating area. The labrum is symmetrical with a deeply pigmented notch on each side of the midline.
Biology
Adult cetoniines are
herbivorous
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthpar ...
, being found on flowers (from which they consume nectar and pollen), tree sap and rotting fruit. Larvae generally live and feed in decaying plant matter (including decaying wood) or soil. In captivity, cetoniine larvae will feed on soft fruit.
Many species in the tribe Cremastocheilini are known to be predaceous, feeding on hymenopteran larvae or soft-bodied
nymphs
A nymph ( grc, νύμφη, nýmphē, el, script=Latn, nímfi, label=Modern Greek; , ) in ancient Greek folklore is a minor female nature deity. Different from Greek goddesses, nymphs are generally regarded as personifications of nature, are ...
of
Auchenorrhyncha
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the "Homoptera" – groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the othe ...
. ''
Spilophorus'' spp. have been noted feeding on the nesting material and excrement of South African passerine birds, while ''
Spilophorus maculatus'' has been recorded feeding on ''
Oxyrhachis'' sp. nymphs and ''
Hoplostomus fuligineus'' is known to feed on the brood of honey bees in South Africa and the
pupae
A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...
of the wasp ''
Belonogaster petiolata''. ''
Campsiura javanica'' feeds on the larvae of ''
Ropalidia montana'' in southern India. ''
Cremastocheilus stathamae'' feeds on ants of the genus ''
Myrmecocystus
''Myrmecocystus'' is a North American genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It is one of five genera that includes honeypot ants. Worker ants keep and tend plerergates, which are other ants that store large quantities of nutritious fluid i ...
''.
In terms of movement, adults are considered some of the best flyers among beetles. They can hover above and land on flowers or fruit. When threatened by predators, they escape by either performing a rush take off or by falling toward the ground and then flying before impact. Many cetoniines fly with their elytra closed, as their hindwings can unfold and slide out under the elytra during flight (thanks to the emargination of the elytra).
Larvae of some taxa can crawl on their backs using their
tergal folds, which are covered in strong bristles. Others crawl on their legs.
Systematics and taxonomy
The tribes of subfamily Cetoniinae, with some notable genera also listed, are:
Tribus
Cetoniini
Cetoniini is a tribe of fruit and flower chafers in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. There are over 80 genera in Cetoniini.
Genera
Subtribus Cetoniina
*''Aethiessa'' Burmeister, 1842
*'' Anatona'' Burmeister, 1842
*'' Anelaphinis' ...
Subtribus
Cetoniina
*''
Aethiessa''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Anatona
''Anatona'' is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of ...
''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Anelaphinis''
Kolbe, 1912
*''
Aphelinis''
Antoine, 1987
*''
Atrichelaphinis''
Kraatz, 1898
*''
Atrichiana''
Distant, 1911
*''
Badizoblax''
Thomson, 1877
*''
Callophylla''
Moser, 1916
*''
Centrantyx''
Fairmaire, 1884
*''
Cetonia''
Fabricius, 1775
*''
Chewia''
Legrand, 2004
*''
Chiloloba''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Cosmesthes''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Cosmiophaena''
Kraatz, 1899
*''
Dischista''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Dolichostethus''
Kolbe, 1912
*''
Elaphinis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Enoplotarsus''
Lucas, 1859
*''
Erlangeria''
Preiss, 1902
*''
Gametis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Gametoides''
Antoine, 2006
*''
Glycosia''
Schoch, 1896
*''
Glycyphana
''Glycyphana'' is a genus of beetles of the family Scarabaeidae.
''Glycyphana'' Burmeister, 1842
* '' Glycyphana stolata'', (brown flower beetle)
* '' Glycyphana brunnipes''
* '' Glycyphana (Glycyphaniola) allardi'' Antoine''Bulletin de la Soci ...
''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Gymnophana''
Arrow, 1910
*''
Hemiprotaetia''
Mikšič, 1963
*''
Heteralleucosma''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Heterocnemis''
Albers, 1852
*''
Heterotephraea''
Antoine, 2002
*''
Lawangia''
Schenkling, 1921
*''
Lorkovitschia''
Mikšič, 1968
*''
Marmylida''
Thomson, 1880
*''
Mireia''
Ruter, 1953
*''
Niphobleta''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Pachnoda''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Pachnodoides''
Alexis & Delpont, 2002
*''
Paleopragma''
Thomson, 1880
*''
Paralleucosma''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Paranelaphinis''
Antoine, 1988
*''
Paraprotaetia''
Moser, 1907
*''
Pararhabdotis''
Kraatz, 1899
*''
Parastraella''
Antoine, 2006
*''
Parelaphinis''
Holm & Marais, 1989
*''
Phaneresthes''
Kraatz, 1894
*''
Phoxomeloides''
Schoch, 1898
*''
Podopholis''
Moser, 1915
*''
Podopogonus''
Moser, 1917
*''
Polybaphes''
Kirby, 1827
*''
Polystalactica''
Kraatz, 1882
*''
Protaetia''
Burmeister, 1842
**''
Liocola''
Thomson, 1859
**''
Potosia''
Mulsant & Rey, 1871
*''
Protaetiomorpha''
Mikšič, 1968
*''
Pseudoprotaetia''
Kraatz, 1882
*''
Pseudotephraea''
Kraatz, 1882
*''
Reineria''
Mikšič, 1968
*''
Rhabdotis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Rhabdotops''
Krikken, 1981
*''
Rhyxiphloea''
Burmeister, 1842 (= "Rhixiphloea")
*''
Simorrhina''
Kraatz, 1886
*''
Somalibia''
Lansberge, 1882
*''
Stalagmosoma''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Sternoplus''
Wallace, 1868
*''
Systellorhina''
Kraatz, 1895
*''
Tephraea''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Thyreogonia''
Reitter, 1898
*''
Trichocelis''
Moser, 1908
*''
Trichocephala''
Moser, 1916
*''
Tropinota''
Mulsant, 1842
*''
Xeloma''
Kraatz, 1881
Subtribus
Euphoriina
*''
Euphoria''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Chlorixanthe''
Bates, 1889
Subtribus
Leucocelina
*''
Acrothyrea''
Kraatz, 1882
*''
Alleucosma''
Schenkling, 1921
*''
Amaurina''
Kolbe, 1895
*''
Analleucosma''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Cyrtothyrea''
Kolbe, 1895
*''
Discopeltis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Grammopyga''
Kraatz, 1895
*''
Heteralleucosma''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Homothyrea''
Kolbe, 1895
*''
Leucocelis
''Leucocelis'' is a genus of chafer beetles belonging to the family Scarabaeidae.
Species
* ''Leucocelis abbotti''
* ''Leucocelis abdita''
* ''Leucocelis abessinica''
* ''Leucocelis adelpha''
* ''Leucocelis adspersa''
* ''Leucocelis aeneicolli ...
''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Lonchothyrea''
Kolbe, 1895
*''
Mausoleopsis''
Lansberge, 1882
*''
Mecaspidiellus''
Antoine, 1997
*''
Molynoptera''
Kraatz, 1897
*''
Molynopteroides''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Oxythyrea''
Mulsant, 1842
*''
Paleira''
Reiche, 1871
*''
Paralleucosma''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Phoxomela''
Schaum, 1844
*''
Pseudalleucosma''
Antoine, 1989
*''
Pseudooxythyrea''
Baraud, 1985
Tribus Cremastocheilini
Subtribus
Aspilina
*''
Aspilus''
Schaum, 1848
*''
Protochilus''
Krikken, 1976
Subtribus
Coenochilina
*''
Arielina''
Rossi, 1958
*''
Astoxenus''
Péringuey, 1907
*''
Basilewskynia''
Schein, 1957
*''
Coenochilus''
Schaum, 1841
*''
Ruterielina''
Rojkoff, 2010
Subtribus
Cremastocheilina
*''
Centrochilus''
Krikken, 1976
*''
Clinterocera''
Motschulsky, 1857
*''
Cremastocheilus''
Knoch, 1801
*''
Cyclidiellus''
Krikken, 1976
*''
Cyclidinus''
Westwood, 1874
*''
Cyclidius''
MacLeay, 1838
*''
Genuchinus''
Westwood, 1874
*''
Lissomelas''
Bates, 1889
*''
Paracyclidius''
Howden, 1971
*''
Platysodes''
Westwood, 1873
*''
Psilocnemis''
Burmeister, 1842
Subtribus
Cymophorina
*''
Cymophorus''
Kirby, 1827
*''
Myrmecochilus''
Wasmann, 1900
*''
Rhagopteryx''
Burmeister, 1842
Subtribus
Genuchina
*''
Genuchus''
Kirby, 1825
*''
Meurguesia''
Ruter, 1969
*''
Problerhinus''
Deyrolle, 1864
Subtribus
Goliathopsidina
*''
Goliathopsis''
Janson, 1881
Subtribus
Heterogeniina
*''
Heterogenius''
Moser, 1911
Subtribus
Lissogeniina
*''
Chtonobius''
Burmeister, 1847
*''
Lissogenius''
Schaum, 1844
Subtribus
Macromina
*''
Brachymacroma''
Kraatz, 1896
*''
Campsiura''
Hope, 1831
*''
Macromina''
Westwood, 1874
*''
Pseudopilinurgus''
Moser, 1918
Subtribus
Nyassinina
*''
Nyassinus''
Westwood, 1879
Subtribus
Oplostomatina
*''
Anatonochilus''
Péringuey, 1907
*''
Laurentiana''
Ruter, 1952
*''
Oplostomus''
W.S. MacLeay, 1838
*''
Placodidus''
Péringuey, 1900
*''
Scaptobius''
Schaum, 1841
Subtribus
Pilinurgina
*''
Callynomes''
Mohnike, 1873
*''
Centrognathus''
Guérin-Méneville, 1840
*''
Parapilinurgus''
Arrow, 1910
*''
Periphanesthes''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Pilinurgus''
Burmeister, 1842
Subtribus
Spilophorina
*''
Spilophorus''
Schaum, 1848
Subtribus
Telochilina
*''
Telochilus''
Krikken, 1975
Subtribus
Trichoplina
*''
Lecanoderus''
Kolbe, 1908
*''
Trichoplus''
Burmeister, 1842
Subtribus
Trogodina
*''
Pseudoscaptobius''
Krikken, 1976
*''
Trogodes''
Westwood, 1873
Tribus Diplognathini
*''
Anoplocheilus''
MacLeay, 1838
*''
Anthracophora''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Anthracophorides''
Moser, 1918
*''
Apocnosoides''
Antoine, 2001
*''
Charadronota''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Conradtia''
Kolbe, 1892
*''
Diphrontis''
Gerstäcker, 1882
*''
Diplognatha''
Gory & Percheron, 1833
*''
Eriulis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Hadrodiplognatha''
Kraatz, 1898
*''
Heteropseudinca''
Valck Lucassen, 1933
*''
Lamellothyrea''
Krikken, 1980
*''
Metallopseudinca''
Valck Lucassen, 1933
*''
Niphetophora''
Kraatz, 1883
*''
Odontorrhina''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Parapoecilophila''
Hauser, 1904
*''
Phonopleurus''
Moser, 1919
*''
Pilinopyga''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Porphyronota''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Pseudinca''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Stethopseudinca''
Valck Lucassen, 1933
*''
Tetragonorhina''
Kraatz, 1896 (= "Tetragonorrhina")
*''
Trichostetha''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Triplognatha''
Krikken, 1987
*''
Trymodera''
Gerstaecker, 1867
*''
Uloptera''
Burmeister, 1842
Tribus Goliathini
Subtribus
Dicronocephalina
*''
Dicronocephalus''
Hope, 1837
Subtribus
Goliathina
*''
Fornasinius''
Bertoloni, 1853
*''
Goliathus''
Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1801
*''
Hegemus''
J. Thomson, 1881
*''
Hypselogenia''
Burmeister, 1840
Subtribus
Ichnestomatina
*''
Gariep''
Péringuey, 1907
*''
Ichnestoma''
Gory & Percheron, 1833
*''
Karooida''
Perissinotto, 2020
*''
Mzansica''
Perissinotto, 2020
*''
Paraxeloma''
Holm, 1988
Subtribus
Rhomborhinina
*''
Anagnathocera''
Arrow, 1922
*''
Anisorrhina''
Westwood, 1842
*''
Asthenorhella''
Westwood, 1874 (= "''Asthenorrhella''" Bergé, = "''Asthenorrhinella''" Schoch)
*''
Asthenorhina''
Westwood, 1843 (= "''Asthenorrhina''" Gemminger & Harold)
*''
Bietia''
Fairmaire, 1898
*''
Bothrorrhina''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Caelorrhina''
Hope, 1841 (= "''Coelorrhina''" Burmeister)
*''
Cheirolasia''
Westwood, 1843
*''
Chloresthia''
Fairmaire, 1905
*''
Chlorocala''
Kirby, 1828
*''
Chondrorrhina''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Compsocephalus
''Compsocephalus'' is a genus of flower chafers belonging to the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae. These beetles are most commonly found in East Africa, more specifically Kenya.
Appearance
''Compsocephalus'' are medium to large beetles ...
''
White, 1845
*''
Cosmiomorpha''
Saunders, 1854
*''
Cyphonocephalus''
Westwood, 1842
*''
Desfontainesia''
Alexis & Delpont, 1999
*''
Dicellachilus''
Waterhouse, 1905
*''
Dicheros''
Gory & Percheron, 1833
*''
Dicronorhina''
Hope, 1837 (= "''Dicranorrhina''" Burmeister, "''Dicronorrhina''" Burmeister)
*''
Diphyllomorpha''
Hope, 1843
*''
Dymusia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Euchloropus''
Arrow, 1907
*''
Eudicella''
White, 1839
*''
Eutelesmus''
Waterhouse, 1880
*''
Gnathocera''
Kirby, 1825
*''
Gnorimimelus''
Kaatz, 1880
*''
Hemiheterorrhina''
Mikšić, 1974
*''
Herculaisia''
Seilliere, 1910
*''
Heterorhina''
Westwood, 1842 (= "''Heterorrhina''")
*''
Ingrisma''
Fairmaire, 1893
*''
Ischnoscelis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Jumnos''
Saunders, 1839
*''
Lansbergia''
Ritsema, 1888
*''
Lophorrhina''
Westwood, 1842
*''
Lophorrhinides''
Perissinotto, Clennell & Beinhundner, 2019
*''
Mawenzhena''
Alexis & Delpont, 2001
*''
Mecynorhina''
Hope, 1837
*''
Moseriana''
Ruter, 1965
*''
Mystroceros''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Narycius''
Dupont, 1835
*''
Neomystroceros''
Alexis & Delpont, 1998
*''
Neophaedimus''
Schoch, 1894
*''
Neoscelis''
Schoch, 1897
*''
Pedinorrhina''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Petrovitzia''
Mikšić, 1965
*''
Plaesiorrhina''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Platynocephalus''
Westwood, 1854
*''
Priscorrhina''
Krikken, 1984
*''
Pseudodiceros''
Mikšić, 1974
*''
Pseudotorynorrhina''
Mikšič, 1967
*''
Ptychodesthes''
Kraatz, 1883
*''
Raceloma''
J. Thomson, 1877
*''
Rhamphorrhina''
Klug, 1855
*''
Rhinarion''
Ruter, 1965
*''
Rhomborhina''
Hope 1837 (= "''Rhomborrhina''" Burmeister)
*''
Scythropesthes''
Kraatz, 1880
*''
Smicorhina''
Westwood, 1847
*''
Spelaiorrhina''
Lansberge, 1886
*''
Stephanorrhina''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Taurhina''
Burmeister, 1842 (= "''Taurrhina''" Kraatz)
*''
Tmesorrhina''
Westwood, 1842
*''
Torynorrhina''
Arrow, 1907
*''
Trichoneptunides''
Legrand, 2001
*''
Trigonophorinus''
Pouillaude, 1913
*''
Trigonophorus''
Hope, 1831
Tribus Gymnetini
Subtribus
Blaesiina
*''
Blaesia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Halffterinetis''
Morón and Nogueira, 2007
Subtribus
Gymnetina
*''
Allorhina''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Amazula''
Kraatz, 1882
*''
Amithao''
J. Thomson, 1878
*''
Argyripa''
J. Thomson, 1878
*''
Astrocara''
Schürhoff, 1937
*''
Badelina''
J. Thomson, 1880
*''
Balsameda''
J. Thomson, 1880
*''
Chiriquiba''
Bates, 1889
*''
Clinteria''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Clinteroides''
Schoch, 1898
*''
Cotinis
''Cotinis'' is a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Cetoniinae found throughout North and South America. At least two species (''Cotinis mutabilis'' and ''Cotinis nitida'') are common pests. The genus was erected by Hermann Burmeister in ...
''
Burmeister, 1842
*''
Desicasta''
J. Thomson, 1878
*''
Guatemalica''
Poll, 1886
*''
Gymnetina''
Casey, 1915
*''
Gymnetis''
MacLeay, 1819
*''
Gymnetosoma''
Martínez, 1949
*''
Hadrosticta''
Kraatz, 1892
*''
Heterocotinis''
Martínez, 1949
*''
Hologymnetis''
Martínez, 1949 (synonym = ''Cineretis''
Schürhoff, 1937)
*''
Hoplopyga''
J. Thomson, 1880
*''
Hoplopygothrix''
Schürhoff, 1933
*''
Jansonella''
Blackwelder, 1944
*''
Macrocranius''
Schürhoff, 1935
*''
Marmarina''
Kirby, 1827
*''
Neocorvicoana''
Ratcliffe & Micó, 2001
*''
Stethodesma''
Bainbridge, 1840
*''
Tiarocera''
Burmeister, 1842
Tribus Phaedimini
*''
Phaedimus''
Waterhouse, 1841
*''
Hemiphaedimus''
Mikšič, 1972
*''
Philistina''
W.S. MacLeay, 1838
*''
Theodosia''
J. Thomson, 1880
Tribus Schizorhinini
Subtribus
Lomapterina
*''
Agestrata''
Eschscholtz, 1829
*''
Ischiopsopha''
Gestro, 1874
*''
Lomaptera''
Gory & Percheron, 1833
*''
Lomapteroides''
Schoch, 1898
*''
Megaphonia''
Schürhoff, 1933
*''
Morokia''
Janson, 1905
*''
Mycterophallus''
Van de Poll, 1886
Subtribus Schizorhinina
*''Anacamptorrhina''
Blanchard, 1842
*''Aphanesthes''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Axillonia''
Krikken, 2018
*''Bisallardiana''
Antoine, 2003
*''Chalcopharis''
Heller, 1901
*''Chlorobapta''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Chondropyga''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Clithria''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Diaphonia (beetle), Diaphonia''
Newman, 1840
*''Digenethle''
Thomson, 1877
*''Dilochrosis''
Thomson, 1878
*''Eupoecila''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Grandaustralis''
Hutchinson & Moeseneder, 2013
*''Hemichnoodes''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Hemipharis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Lenosoma''
Macleay, 1863
*''Lethosesthes''
Thomson, 1880
*''Lyraphora''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Macrotina''
Strand, 1934
*''Metallesthes''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Microdilochrosis''
Jákl, 2009
*''Microlomaptera''
Kraatz, 1885
*''Micropoecila''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Navigator (beetle), Navigator''
Hutchinson & Moeseneder, 2016
*''Neoclithria''
Van de Poll, 1886
*''Neorrhina''
J. Thomson, 1878
*''Octocollis''
Moeseneder & Hutchinson, 2012
*''Panglaphyra''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Peotoxus''
Krikken, 1983
*''Phyllopodium (beetle), Phyllopodium''
Schoch, 1895
*''Platedelosis''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Poecilopharis''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Pseudoclithria''
Van de Poll, 1886
*''Schizorhina''
Kirby, 1825
*''Schochidia''
Berg, 1898
*''Stenopisthes''
Moser, 1913
*''Storeyus''
Hasenpusch & Moeseneder 2010
*''Tafaia''
Valck Lucassen, 1939
*''Tapinoschema''
Thomson, 1880
*''Territonia''
Krikken, 2018
*''Trichaulax (beetle), Trichaulax''
Kraatz, 1880
Tribus Stenotarsiini
Subtribus Anochiliina
*''Anochilia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Epistalagma''
Fairmaire, 1880
Subtribus Chromoptiliina
*''Chromoptilia''
Westwood, 1842
*''Descarpentriesia''
Ruter, 1964
Subtribus Coptomiina
*''Bricoptis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Coptomia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Coptomiopsis''
Pouillaude, 1919
*''Euchilia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Euryomia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Heterocranus''
Bourgoin, 1919
*''Hiberasta''
Fairmaire, 1901
*''Hyphelithia''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Liostraca''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Micreuchilia''
Pouillaude, 1917
*''Micropeltus''
Blanchard, 1842
*''Pareuchilia''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Pseudeuryomia''
Kraatz, 1894
*''Pygora (beetle), Pygora''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Pyrrhopoda''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Vieuella''
Ruter, 1964
Subtribus Doryscelina
*''Doryscelis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Epixanthis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Hemiaspidius''
Krikken, 1982
*''Parepixanthis''
Kraatz, 1893
*''Pseudepixanthis''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Rhynchocephala''
Fairmaire, 1883
Subtribus Euchroeina
*''Euchroea''
Burmeister, 1842
Subtribus Heterophanina
*''Heterophana''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Oxypelta''
Pouillaude, 1920
*''Pogonotarsus''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Zebinus''
Fairmaire, 1894
Subtribus Heterosomatina
*''Heterosoma''
Schaum, 1845
*''Plochilia''
Fairmaire, 1896
Subtribus Pantoliina
*''Bonoraella''
Ruter, 1978
*''Celidota''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Cyriodera''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Dirrhina''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Hemilia''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Lucassenia''
Olsoufieff, 1940
*''Moriaphila''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Pantolia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Tetraodorhina''
Blanchard, 1842
Subtribus Parachilina
*''Parachilia''
Burmeister, 1842
Subtribus Stenotarsiina
*''Callipechis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Ischnotarsia''
Kraatz, 1880
*''Rhadinotaenia''
Kraatz, 1900
*''Stenotarsia''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Vadonidella''
Ruter, 1973
Tribus Taenioderini
*''Anocoela''
Moser, 1914
*''Bacchusia''
Mikšic, 1976
*''Bombodes''
Westwood, 1848
*''Carneluttia''
Mikšic, 1976
*''Chalcothea''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Chalcotheomima''
Mikšic, 1970
*''Clerota''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Coilodera''
Hope, 1831
*''Costinota''
Schürhoff, 1933
*''Eumacronota''
Mikšic, 1976
*''Euremina''
Wallace, 1867
*''Euselates''
Thomson, 1880
*''Glyptothea''
Bates, 1889
*''Glyptotheomima''
Mikšic, 1976
*''Gnorimidia''
van Lansberge, 1887
*''Hemichalcothea''
Mikšic, 1970
*''Ixorida''
Thomson, 1880
**''Mecinonota''
Kraatz, 1892
**''Oncosterna''
Thomson, 1880
**''Pseudomecinonota''
Miksic, 1972
*''Macronotops''
Krikken, 1977
*''Meroloba''
Thomson, 1880
*''Microchalcothea''
Moser, 1910
*''Penthima''
Kraatz, 1892
*''Plectrone''
Wallace, 1867
*''Pleuronota''
Kraatz, 1892
*''Pseudochalcothea''
Ritsema, 1882
*''Taeniodera''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Xenoloba''
Bates, 1889
Tribus
Trichiini
The Trichiini are a tribe of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae), though historically they were often classified as a subfamily, Trichiinae. The conspicuous bee beetles (''Trichius'') are probably the best-known genus in Europe.
They vary i ...
Subtribus Cryptodontina
*''Coelocorynus''
Kolbe, 1895
*''Cryptodontes''
Burmeister, 1847
Subtribus Incaina
*''Golinca''
Thomson, 1878
*''Inca (beetle), Inca''
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
*''Pantodinus''
Burmeister, 1847
Subtribus Osmodermatina
*''Osmoderma''
Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
*''Platygeniops''
Krikken, 1978
Subtribus Platygeniina
*''Platygenia''
MacLeay, 1819
Subtribus Trichiina
*''Agnorimus''
Miyake et al., 1991
*''Apeltastes''
Howden, 1968
*''Brachagenius''
Kraatz, 1890
*''Calometopidius''
Bourgoin, 1917
*''Calometopus''
Blanchard, 1850
*''Campulipus''
Kirby, 1827
*''Chaetodermina''
Heller, 1921
*''Clastocnemis''
Burmeister, 1840
*''Coelocratus''
Burmeister, 1841
*''Corynotrichius''
Kolbe, 1891
*''Dialithus''
Parry, 1849
*''Diploa''
Kolbe, 1892
*''Diploeida''
Péringuey, 1907
*''Elpidus''
Péringuey, 1907
*''Endoxazus''
Kolbe, 1892
*''Epitrichius''
Tagawa, 1941
*''Eriopeltastes''
Burmeister, 1840
*''Giesbertiolus''
Howden, 1988
*''Glaphyronyx''
Moser, 1924
*''Gnorimella''
Casey, 1915
*''Gnorimus''
Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
*''Incala''
J. Thomson, 1858
*''Incalidia''
Janson, 1907
*''Liotrichius''
Kolbe, 1892
*''Myodermides''
Ruter, 1964
*''Myodermum''
Burmeister, 1840
*''Paragnorimus''
Becker, 1910
*''Paratrichius''
Janson, 1881
*''Peltotrichius''
Howden, 1968
*''Pileotrichius''
Bourgoin, 1921
*''Polyplastus''
Janson, 1880
*''Stegopterus''
Burmeister, 1840
*''Stripsipher''
Gory & Percheron, 1833
*''Trichiomorphus''
Bourgoin, 1919
*''Trichiotinus''
Casey, 1915
*''Trichius''
Fabricius, 1787
*''Trigonopeltastes''
Burmeister, 1840
*''Xiphoscelidus''
Péringuey, 1907
Tribus Valgini
Subtribe Microvalgina
*''Ischnovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Microvalgus''
Kraatz, 1883
*''Stenovalgus''
Kolbe, 1892
Subtribe Valgina
*''Acanthovalgus''
Kraatz, 1895
*''Bivalgus''
Paulian, 1961
*''Chaetovalgus''
Moser, 1914
*''Charitovalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Chromovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Comythovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Cosmovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Dasyvalgoides''
Endrödi, 1952
*''Dasyvalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Euryvalgus''
Moser, 1908
*''Excisivalgus''
Endrödi, 1952
*''Heterovalgus''
Krikken, 1978
*''Homovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Hoplitovalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Hybovalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Idiovalgus''
Arrow, 1910
*''Lepivalgus''
Moser, 1914
*''Lobovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Mimovalgus''
Arrow, 1944
*''Oedipovalgus''
Kolbe, 1897
*''Oreoderus''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Oreovalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Podovalgus''
Arrow, 1910
*''Pygovalgus''
Kolbe, 1884
*''Sphinctovalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Tibiovalgus''
Kolbe, 1904
*''Valgoides''
Fairmaire, 1899
*''Valgus (beetle), Valgus''
Scriba, 1790
*''Xenoreoderus''
Arrow, 1910
*''Yanovalgus''
Nomura, 1952
Tribus Xiphoscelidini
*''Aporecolpa''
van Lansberge, 1886
*''
Callophylla''
Moser, 1916
*''Heteroclita''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Ischnostomiella''
Krikken, 1978
*''Meridioclita''
Krikken, 1982
*''Myodermidius''
Bourgoin, 1920
*''Neoclita''
Perissinotto, 2017
*''Oroclita''
Krikken, 1982
*''Plochiliana''
Ruter, 1978
*''Protoclita''
Krikken, 1978
*''Rhinocoeta''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Scheinia''
Ruter, 1958
*''Xiphoscelis''
Burmeister, 1842
*''Xiphosceloides''
Holm, 1992
References
*Evans, Arthur W
Generic Guide to New World Scarabs*Orozco, Jesus
American Cetoniinae*Sakai, K. & S. Nagai, 1998. ''The cetoniine Beetles of the Wor''ld. Tokyo: Mushi-Sha. 421p Excellent illustrations of most species.
*White, Richard E. (1998). ''Beetles : A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. .
External links
Illustrated key to South Asian chafersPunctate Flower Chafer FactfileGallery
African Cetoniinae website. Literature page.
flickrtagged images.
by Oz Rittner
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flower Chafer
Scarabaeidae
Cetoniinae,
Polyphaga subfamilies