Cerro Bravo is a
stratovolcano
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava and tephra. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and per ...
located in
Tolima,
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
, north of the
Nevado del Ruiz
The Nevado del Ruiz (), also known as La Mesa de Herveo ( en, Mesa of Herveo, the name of the nearby town) is a volcano on the border of the departments of Caldas and Tolima in Colombia, about west of the capital city Bogotá. It is a strat ...
volcano. The rock type of the volcano is
andesite
Andesite () is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predomi ...
.
[Plancha 206, 1998]
Eruptive history
As with many volcanoes in the region, Bravo's eruptions are often characterized by a central vent (caldera) eruption, followed by an explosive eruption and
pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of bu ...
s. However, it is unique in the fact that its eruption have also produced
lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions on ...
s in its caldera. Such eruptions occurred in 1720 ± 150 years, 1050 ± 75 years, and 750 AD ± 150 years (through
radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
The method was dev ...
). Eruptions consisting of just a central vent eruption and subsequent explosive eruption took place in 1330 ± 75 years, 1310 BC ± 150 years, 1050 BC ± 200 years and 4280 BC ± 150 years.
Gallery
File:Volcán Cerro Bravo.jpg, 2009
File:Volcan Cerro Bravo Tolima Colombia.jpg, 2009
File:Cerro Bravo 2.jpg, 2014
See also
*
List of volcanoes in Colombia
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Colombia.
See also
* List of earthquakes in Colombia
* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
* Geology of Colombia
References
{{South America topic, state=uncollaps ...
*
List of volcanoes by elevation
A list (incomplete) of volcanoes on Earth arranged by elevation in metres.
6,000 metres
5,000 metres
4,000 metres
3,000 metres
2,000 metres
1,000 metres
Below 1,000 metres
From its base on the ocean floor
A list (in ...
References
Bibliography
*
*
Andean Volcanic Belt
Bravo
Bravo(s) or The Bravo(s) may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music Groups and labels
*Bravo (band), a Russian rock band
* Bravo (Spanish group), represented Spain at Eurovision 1984
*Bravo Music, an American concert band music publishing company ...
Bravo
Bravo(s) or The Bravo(s) may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music Groups and labels
*Bravo (band), a Russian rock band
* Bravo (Spanish group), represented Spain at Eurovision 1984
*Bravo Music, an American concert band music publishing company ...
Quaternary South America
Quaternary volcanoes
Geography of Tolima Department
Four-thousanders of the Andes
VEI-4 volcanoes
{{Colombia-geo-stub