Ceridwen Fraser
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Ceridwen Fraser is a biogeographer, currently serving as a Professor in the Department of Marine Science at the University of Otago in
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; mi, Ōtepoti) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from , the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Th ...
, New Zealand. She focuses her studies on
ecology Ecology () is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overlaps wi ...
,
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
,
climate change In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E ...
, and how they are all significant to the southern hemisphere, specifically at higher latitudes such as
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...
.


Early life and career

Fraser was born in
Canberra Canberra ( ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...
. While in
primary school A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary e ...
, she had a teacher who was a
marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...
biologist and collected organisms from the ocean and displayed them in a tank in the classroom. Fraser was often distracted and amazed at these small animals, and by the age of 11, Fraser knew that she wanted to become a marine biologist. However, many adults in her life advised her that this would be a risky career choice, and therefore her first
undergraduate degree An undergraduate degree (also called first degree or simply degree) is a colloquial term for an academic degree earned by a person who has completed undergraduate courses. In the United States, it is usually offered at an institution of higher e ...
was in the studies of conserving cultural materials, more specifically paper conservation, at the University of Canberra. After earning this degree, Fraser completed her second undergraduate degree in marine science at
Macquarie University Macquarie University ( ) is a public research university based in Sydney, Australia, in the suburb of Macquarie Park. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the metropolitan area of S ...
, after having transferred from
James Cook University James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cairn ...
(because she could not handle the climate of Townsville). After graduating from Macquarie University, Fraser spent a year studying polychaete worm ecology at the Australian Museum with Pat Hutchings. She earned her PhD from the Department of
Zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...
at the University of Otago. Fraser became a lecturer at the
Australian National University The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges, in addition to several national academies and ...
in 2012, where she worked at and mainly conducted her research at up until 2019. In that same year, she received, and took the opportunity, to move her lab group and continue her research at the University of Otago, where she continues to be a professor.


Research

Fraser's research has expanded to several different parts of the world. After receiving her doctorate, Fraser worked at two different locations as a postdoctorate fellow. The first of these occupations was at the University of Otago with the Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology, and the second being located in Université Libre de Bruxelles,
Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
with the Biological Control and Spatial Ecology group at this university. With her undergraduate and doctorate degrees, Fraser focused her research on understanding the patterns of global
biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...
through both
molecular biology Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. The study of chemical and physi ...
and earth sciences. She uses this specific field of research mostly at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere, and she has expressed a great interest in the continent of Antarctica not only due to the scientific discoveries one can make there, but also the discoveries one is able to make about themselves. In one of Fraser's most cited research papers, she and a group of scientists sets out to ultimately deduce the extent to which the
ice sheets In glaciology, an ice sheet, also known as a continental glacier, is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the Last Glacial Period at La ...
in the southern hemisphere extended during the
last glacial maximum The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Late Glacial Maximum, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period that ice sheets were at their greatest extent. Ice sheets covered much of Northern North America, Northern Eur ...
(LGM) by examining several types of bio-organisms, specifically the Southern Bull Kelp. By examining DNA sequences, Fraser and the others discovered that the recolonization of the southern hemisphere waters by this wildlife has occurred more recently than previously thought, and it is being seen in lower latitudes than originally thought. The scientists used these results as a conclusion that the ice sheets in the LGM reached lower latitudes than previously thought by the scientific community. In other words, the amount of ice has decreased even more since the LGM than thought, pointing towards an effect that
climate change In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E ...
has had on ice levels in the southern hemisphere. Several of Frasers most highly cited papers discuss similar topics, with each one making an important contribution to the scientific community.


Awards and honours

Ceridwen Fraser has received several individual awards that are given to young or "early-career" scientists. These awards and recognitions include: *2014 ARC Discovery Early Career Research Career *2016 ACT Scientist of the Year award *2018 Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal *2019 The MacArthur & Wilson Award


Publications

A small list of some of Fraser's most cited works is below: * * * * *


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Ceridwen 1979 births Living people People from Canberra University of Canberra alumni Macquarie University alumni Academic staff of the University of Otago Academic staff of the Australian National University Australian ecologists Women ecologists Date of birth missing (living people) Biogeographers