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Cerentino is a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of
Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
in
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
.


History

During the mid-19th Century, the population declined sharply due to emigration to other countries and a rural exodus. The
parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...
of Madonna delle Grazie was already in operation in the 15th Century. It was expanded in the beginning of the 16th Century. In 1513, it broke away from the
parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...
of
Cevio Cevio is the capital of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. In 2006 Cevio grew by incorporating the villages of Bignasco and Cavergno, previously municipalities in their own right. History Cevio was first men ...
. The church contains
fresco Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...
es and
stucco Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and a ...
from the 17th century. The soil around Cerentino is rich in
limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
, which was used in construction and in the production of
lime Lime commonly refers to: * Lime (fruit), a green citrus fruit * Lime (material), inorganic materials containing calcium, usually calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide * Lime (color), a color between yellow and green Lime may also refer to: Botany ...
for mortar. The villages are threatened by landslides and continual erosion. Modernly, animal husbandry and agriculture, which earlier granted the villages a far-reaching self-sufficiency, is still main income source of most residents. In the summer months there is some tourism to the municipality.


Geography

Cerentino has an area, , of . Of this area, or 1.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 66.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 26.5% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 0.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.8%. Out of the forested land, 54.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 6.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.6% is used for growing crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 17.0% is unproductive vegetation and 9.5% is too rocky for vegetation. The municipality is located in the Vallemaggia district, at the
confluence In geography, a confluence (also: ''conflux'') occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join to form a single channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river (main stem); o ...
of the Rovana river with the stream of the Valle di Bosco. It consists of nine inhabited settlements as well as two abandoned ones. The settlements are quite isolated from each other and the rest of the canton. The main settlement is located at an elevation of .


Coat of arms

The
blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vis ...
of the municipal
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
is ''Azure on a base bent a deer trippant or.''


Demographics

Cerentino has a population () of . , 7.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008
accessed 19 June 2010
Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 18.9%.
accessed 14-February-2011
Most of the population () speaks
Italian language Italian (''italiano'' or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Together with Sardinian, Italian is the least divergent language from Latin. Spoken by about 85 m ...
(52 or 89.7%), with
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
being second most common (5 or 8.6%) and French being third (1 or 1.7%). , the gender distribution of the population was 52.6% male and 47.4% female. The population was made up of 27 Swiss men (47.4% of the population), and 3 (5.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 25 Swiss women (43.9%), and 2 (3.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 32 or about 55.2% were born in Cerentino and lived there in 2000. There were 15 or 25.9% who were born in the same canton, while 4 or 6.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 6 or 10.3% were born outside of Switzerland. In there was 1 live birth to Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 1 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2 non-Swiss men who immigrated from another country to Switzerland and 1 non-Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 2 and the non-Swiss population remained the same. This represents a
population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...
of 3.2%. The age distribution, , in Cerentino is; 3 children or 5.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 5 teenagers or 8.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 5 people or 8.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 8 people or 14.0% are between 30 and 39, 7 people or 12.3% are between 40 and 49, and 8 people or 14.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 6 people or 10.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 7 people or 12.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 8 people or 14.0% who are over 80.01.02.03 Popolazione residente permanente
accessed 23 November 2010
, there were 28 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 20 married individuals, 8 widows or widowers and 2 individuals who are divorced.STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000
accessed 2 February 2011
the average number of residents per living room was 0.49 which is fewer people per room than the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 60.7% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a
mortgage A mortgage loan or simply mortgage (), in civil law jurisdicions known also as a hypothec loan, is a loan used either by purchasers of real property to raise funds to buy real estate, or by existing property owners to raise funds for any pu ...
or a
rent-to-own Rent-to-own, also known as rental purchase or rent-to-buy, is a type of legally documented transaction under which tangible property, such as furniture, consumer electronics, motor vehicles, home appliances, real property, and engagement rin ...
agreement). , there were 28 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household. There were 13 households that consist of only one person and 1 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 30 households that answered this question, 43.3% were households made up of just one person and 2 were adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 5 married couples without children, 3 married couples with children There were 4 single parents with a child or children. There was 1 household that was made up unrelated people and 2 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing. there were 87 single family homes (or 80.6% of the total) out of a total of 108 inhabited buildings. There were 15 multi-family buildings (13.9%), and 6 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.6%). Of the single family homes 3 were built before 1919, while none were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (40) were built between 1919 and 1945.Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen
accessed 28 January 2011
there were 128 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 39. There were 10 single room apartments and 23 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 28 apartments (21.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 100 apartments (78.1%) were seasonally occupied. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1140 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:630 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1591 from:start till:625 text:"625" bar:1769 from:start till:475 text:"475" bar:1801 from:start till:365 text:"365" bar:1850 from:start till:371 text:"371" bar:1860 from:start till:332 text:"332" bar:1870 from:start till:358 text:"358" bar:1880 from:start till:306 text:"306" bar:1888 from:start till:274 text:"274" bar:1900 from:start till:209 text:"209" bar:1910 from:start till:201 text:"201" bar:1920 from:start till:178 text:"178" bar:1930 from:start till:171 text:"171" bar:1941 from:start till:139 text:"139" bar:1950 from:start till:152 text:"152" bar:1960 from:start till:114 text:"114" bar:1970 from:start till:75 text:"75" bar:1980 from:start till:50 text:"50" bar:1990 from:start till:47 text:"47" bar:2000 from:start till:58 text:"58"


Sights

The entire small village of Corino is designated as part of the
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites The Federal Inventory of Heritage Sites (ISOS) is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage. Sites of national importance Types The types are based on t ...


Economy

, Cerentino had an unemployment rate of 4.33%. , there were 14 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 2 people were employed in the
secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. ...
and there was 1 business in this sector. 4 people were employed in the
tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
, with 2 businesses in this sector. There were 24 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 33.3% of the workforce. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 12. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 9, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2, both of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1. , there were 7 workers who commuted into the municipality and 9 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb
accessed 24 June 2010
Of the working population, 4.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 41.7% used a private car.


Politics

In the
2007 federal election This electoral calendar 2007 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2007 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not i ...
the most popular party was the FDP which received 48.65% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (29.05%), the CVP (14.86%) and the
Ticino League The Ticino League ( it, Lega dei Ticinesi) is a regionalist, national-conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino. The party was founded in 1991 by entrepreneur Giuliano Bignasca and journalist Flavio Maspoli. Af ...
(5.41%). In the federal election, a total of 19 votes were cast, and the
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Unive ...
was 35.2%. In the '' Gran Consiglio'' election, there were a total of 55 registered voters in Cerentino, of which 29 or 52.7% voted. The most popular party was the PS which received 8 or 27.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 8 or 27.6%), the PLRT (with 6 or 20.7%) and the PPD+GenGiova (with 4 or 13.8%). Elezioni cantonali: Gran Consiglio, Consiglio di Stato
accessed 23 November 2010
In the ''Consiglio di Stato'' election, 1 null ballot was cast, leaving 28 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PS which received 8 or 28.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the LEGA (with 6 or 21.4%), the PLRT (with 5 or 17.9%) and the PPD (with 4 or 14.3%).


Religion

From the , 41 or 70.7% were
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
, while 6 or 10.3% belonged to the
Swiss Reformed Church The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), (EKS); french: Église évangélique réformée de Suisse (EERS); it, Chiesa evangelica riformata in Svizzera (CERiS); rm, Baselgia evangelica refurmada da la Svizra (BRRS) formerly named Federation o ...
. There was 1 individual who was
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
ic. 7 (or about 12.07% of the population) belonged to no church, are
agnostic Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient ...
or
atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
, and 3 individuals (or about 5.17% of the population) did not answer the question.


Education

In Cerentino about 17 or (29.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 2 or (3.4%) have completed additional higher education (either
university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
or a ''
Fachhochschule A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts ...
''). Of the 2 who completed tertiary schooling, they both were Swiss women. In Cerentino there were a total of 8 students (). The Ticino
education system The educational system generally refers to the structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country. It includes all pre-school institutions, starting from family education, and/or early childhood education ...
provides up to three years of non-mandatory
kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...
and in Cerentino there was 1 child in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years. In the municipality, 4 students attended the standard primary schools. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 3 students in the two-year middle school, while 0 students were in the four-year advanced program. There were no students in the upper secondary program. Allievi e studenti, secondo il genere di scuola, anno scolastico 2009/2010
accessed 23 November 2010
, there were 6 students from Cerentino who attended schools outside the municipality.


References


External links


Official website
* {{Authority control Municipalities of Ticino