''Ceratodus'' (from el, κέρας , 'horn' and el, ὀδούς 'tooth') was a wide-ranging genus of extinct
lungfish
Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the order Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for retaining ancestral characteristics within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and ancestral structures within Sarcopterygii, i ...
. Fossil evidence dates back to the
Early Triassic
The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which is a un ...
. A wide range of fossil species from different time periods have been found around the world in places such as the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
,
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
,
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...
,
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
,
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
,
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
, and
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
.
[Agnolin, F. L., Mateus O., Milàn J., Marzola M., Wings O., Adolfssen J. S., & Clemmensen L. B. (2018). Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e1439834] ''Ceratodus'' is believed to have become extinct sometime around the beginning of the
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
Epoch. The closest living relative of ''Ceratodus'' is thought to be the
Queensland lungfish
The Australian lungfish (''Neoceratodus forsteri''), also known as the Queensland lungfish, Burnett salmon and barramunda, is the only surviving member of the family Neoceratodontidae. It is one of only six extant lungfish species in the world. ...
, ''Neoceratodus forsteri'', which means "new ''Ceratodus''" in Greek.
Species
* ''C. latissimus''
Agassiz, 1837 ( type)
* ''C. eruciferus''
Cope
The cope (known in Latin as ''pluviale'' 'rain coat' or ''cappa'' 'cape') is a liturgical vestment, more precisely a long mantle or cloak, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colours, litu ...
, 1876 (''nomen dubium'')
* ''C. hieroglyphus''
Cope
The cope (known in Latin as ''pluviale'' 'rain coat' or ''cappa'' 'cape') is a liturgical vestment, more precisely a long mantle or cloak, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colours, litu ...
, 1876 (''nomen dubium'')
* '' C. robustus''
Knight, 1898
* ''C. africanus''
Haug, 1905
* ''C. humei''
Priem, 1914
* ''C. elegans''
Vollrath, 1923
* ''C. frazieri''
Ostrom
Ostrom or Öström is a Swedish surname meaning "island stream".
Many of the Ostroms in North America are descendants of a Dutch immigrant to New Amsterdam in the 1600's.
The name was van Oosteroom and originated in the area of Utrecht and sever ...
, 1970
* ''C. gustasoni''
Kirkland, 1987
* '' C. fossanovum''
Kirkland, 1998
*'' C. stewarti''
Milner and Kirkland, 2006
* '' C. texanus''
Parris ''et al.'', 2011
* '' C. carteri''
Main ''et al.'', 2014
* '' C. kranzi''
Frederickson ''et al.'', 2016
* ''C. kirklandi''
Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
* ''C. molossus''
Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
* ''C. kempae''
Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
* ''C. nirumbee''
Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
* ''C. tunuensis''
Agnolin ''et al.'', 2018
* ''C. guanganensis''
Wang ''et al.'', 2022
Gallery
File:Ceratodus tooth plates.JPG, ''Ceratodus'' tooth plates
File:Ceratodus BW.jpg, ''Ceratodus''
References
Ceratodusat The Paleobiology Database
Mesozoic bony fish
Prehistoric lungfish genera
Fossil taxa described in 1837
Paleocene fish
Cloverly fauna
Cretaceous fish
Jurassic fish
Triassic fish
Eocene fish
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz
Prehistoric fish of Asia
{{Triassic-fish-stub