Echigoshirayukidake (

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

: ), commonly called Basidiomycetes-X or BDM-X, is a sclerotium of ''Ceraceomyces tessulatus''. It is classified as a

basidiomycete Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basi ...

because of its beak-shaped processes (

Clamp connection A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rece ...

s). It does not form

basidia A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-c ...

and only forms

sclerotia A sclerotium (; (), is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves. One role of sclerotia is to survive environmental extremes. In some higher fungi such as ergot, sclerotia become detached and remain dormant until favor ...

(hyphal masses) when cultured. In these respects, BDM-X is distinguished from other basidiomycetes. BDM-X is cultured and consumed as an

edible mushroom Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground ...

. The mushroom, Basidiomycetes-X (BDM-X), echigoshirayukidake was identified as ''Ceraceomyces tessulatus'', a member of the family

Amylocorticiaceae Amylocorticiales is an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order was circumscribed in 2010 to contain mostly resupinate (crust-like) forms that have been referred to genera '' Anomoporia'', ''Amyloathelia'', '' Amylocorticiellum'', ...

based on the molecular analysis of ITS region and D1/D2 regions of rDNA. Sequence similarity between the mushroom and ''Ceraceomyces tessulatus'' voucher KHL16429, Herb. O (ACCESSION KU518951) was 99% in ITS1 region and 99% in 26 or 28S rDNA D1/D2 regions respectively.

Description

Basidiomycetes-X can be cultured by an ordinary method. A cultured strain or the seed of BDM-X can be

aseptic Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). There are two categories of asepsis: medical and surgical. The modern day notion of asepsis is deriv ...

ally inoculated into

agar Agar ( or ), or agar-agar, is a jelly-like substance consisting of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae, primarily from ogonori (''Gracilaria'') and "tengusa" (''Gelidiaceae''). As found in nature, agar is ...

, liquid, or

sawdust Sawdust (or wood dust) is a by-product or waste product of woodworking operations such as sawing, sanding, milling, planing, and routing. It is composed of small chippings of wood. These operations can be performed by woodworking machinery, ...

media with suitable nutrients, and is cultured under appropriate temperature conditions. The optimum growth conditions are at pH 5.0 to 6.0 and at 22 to 26℃. BDM-X forms

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or ...

l masses in light pink colonies crowded with hyphae on the media. These sometimes grow concentrically from the site of inoculation. If a group of hyphal masses is formed within the medium, they are interconnected by

mycelia Mycelium (plural mycelia) is a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. A typical single spore germinates in ...

l strands to form a large hyphal mass. As the shape of BDM-X depends on the environment in which it is cultured, the large hyphal masses of BDM-X for industry use can be formed, for example, on a sawdust medium (10 cm×10 cm×20 cm) after one year cultivation.

Gallery

File:Basidiomycetesx-4.jpg, Hyphae of Basidiomycetes-X on an agar medium (upper, screw cap bottle; lower, test tube) File:Basidiomycetesx-2.jpg, A large hyphal mass of BDM-X on a sawdust medium (10cm×10cm×20cm)

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q20686619 Amylocorticiales Edible fungi Medicinal fungi Fungi of Japan