''Centrolene heloderma'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae from the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador. It is also known as Pichincha giant glass frog or bumpy glassfrog.

Distribution

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

it has been recorded from the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, in the Cauca, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca Departments. In Ecuador it has been recorded from the western Andes in the Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces.

Description

''Centrolene heloderma'' are small frogs (although among the generally small ''Centrolene'', they are relatively large): males measure in snout–vent length and females (based on one frog only). It has uniformly green dorsum covered with whitish tubercles. Its snout has a characteristic obtuse profile. Females lay clutches up to 29 eggs on the upper side of leaves and very high from the water level. Upon hatching, the tadpoles drop down and develop in fast-flowing water.

Habitat and conservation

''Centrolene heloderma'' inhabits the upper elevations of

cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud c ...

, and is only found in mature forest. It is an uncommon frog that is active at night and difficult to see. However, males can be heard calling from the vegetation near streams and waterfalls. In Ecuador ''Centrolene heloderma'' has disappeared from two known locations (including the type locality where it was last seen in 1979) and is now only known from one location. In Colombia it was last recorded in 1996. Its disappearance has been attributed to changing climatic patterns, with habitat loss, alien predatory fish, pollution, and chytridiomycosis as other potential contributing factors.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q509727

heloderma ''Heloderma'' is a genus of toxicoferan lizards that contains five species, all of which are venomous. It is the only extant genus of the family Helodermatidae. Description The genus ''Heloderma'' contains the Gila monster (''H. suspectum'') a ...

Amphibians of the Andes Amphibians of Colombia Amphibians of Ecuador Amphibians described in 1981 Taxa named by William Edward Duellman Taxonomy articles created by Polbot