Caxias is a former

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authorit ...

in the municipality of Oeiras, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish

Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias is a civil parish in the municipality of Oeiras, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos Paço de Arcos () is a ...

. The population in 2011 was 9,007, in an area of 3.41 km².Eurostat

From pre-history to Rome

The area was developed alongside the

Ribeira de Barcarena Ribeira, Portuguese and Galician for ''stream'' or ''riverside'', may refer to the following places: Brazil *Ribeira, São Paulo, a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil *Ribeira, Rio de Janeiro, a neighborhood in the municipality of Rio de ...

, through four stations classified by the Archaeological Chart of the Municipality: during the Paleolíthic, near the

Quinta do Jardim Quinta may refer to: * Quinta (estate) in Portugal * Quinta (musician), British multi-instrumentalist * In medieval music theory, alternative term for diapente (perfect fifth) * ''Quinta'' (skipper), genus of butterflies * Claudia Quinta, Roman ma ...

(estação nº.74), in the immediate surroundings of Laveiras (nº.76) and at the beach near the São Bruno's Fort, in the confluence with the

(nº.77); and probably, in the Neolithic, in the Laveiras Station (Above mentioned). At the station nº.75 in Laveiras, a tomb stone of Flavius Wuadratus of the II Roman Legion was found, validating the Roman presence in the area.

Prison

Caxias became infamous for its prison, used by the Estado Novo regime (and its secret police, the

PIDE The International and State Defense Police ( pt, Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado; PIDE) was a Portuguese security agency that existed during the '' Estado Novo'' regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. Formally, the main roles of th ...

) for the imprisonment of political dissidents between the 1930s and the Carnation Revolution in 1974.

Heritage

Fort of São Bruno The Fort of São Bruno is situated on the estuary of the River Tagus The Tagus ( ; es, Tajo ; pt, Tejo ; see below) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales near Teruel, in mid-eastern ...

*Gardens, sculptures and two rooms with decorative paintings at the old Paço Real de Caxias

References

External links

Junta de Freguesia de Caxias
- Official page of the town
Paróquia de Nossa Senhora das Dores
{{Authority control Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias Former parishes of Oeiras, Portugal