![Moscow Lefortovo Catherine Palace asv2018-08 img2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Moscow_Lefortovo_Catherine_Palace_asv2018-08_img2.jpg)
The Catherine Palace is a
Neoclassical residence of
Catherine II of Russia on the bank of the
Yauza River
The Yauza (russian: Я́уза) is a river in Moscow and Mytishchi, Russia, a tributary of the Moskva. It originates in the Losiny Ostrov National Park northeast of Moscow, flows through Mytishchi, enters Moscow in the Medvedkovo District an ...
in
Lefortovo,
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
. It should not be confused with the much more famous
Catherine Palace
The Catherine Palace (russian: Екатерининский дворец, ) is a Rococo palace in Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin), 30 km south of St. Petersburg, Russia. It was the summer residence of the Russian tsars. The Palace is part of the ...
in
Tsarskoye Selo
Tsarskoye Selo ( rus, Ца́рское Село́, p=ˈtsarskəɪ sʲɪˈlo, a=Ru_Tsarskoye_Selo.ogg, "Tsar's Village") was the town containing a former residence of the Russian imperial family and visiting nobility, located south from the c ...
.
The residence is also known as the Golovin Palace, after its first owner, Count
Fyodor Golovin, the first Chancellor of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
. After his death
Empress Anna
Anna Ioannovna (russian: Анна Иоанновна; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much ...
commissioned
Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli
Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli (russian: Франче́ско Бартоломе́о (Варфоломе́й Варфоломе́евич) Растре́лли; 1700 in Paris, Kingdom of France – 29 April 1771 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Emp ...
to replace the Golovin Palace with a
Baroque residence known as
Annenhof. This was Anna's preferred residence. It consisted of two wooden two-storey buildings, the Summer Palace and the Winter Palace.
Annenhof was abandoned after a fire in 1746. Catherine II, who found both edifices rather old-fashioned and dilapidated, ordered their demolition in the 1760s. After 1773
Karl Blank
Karl Blank (russian: Карл Иванович Бланк) (1728–1793) was a Russian architect, notable as one of the last practitioners of Baroque architecture and the first Moscow architect to build early neoclassical buildings. His surviving ...
,
Giacomo Quarenghi
Giacomo Quarenghi (; rus, Джа́комо Кваре́нги, Džákomo Kvaréngi, ˈdʐakəmə kvɐˈrʲenʲɡʲɪ; 20 or 21 September 1744) was an Italian architect who was the foremost and most prolific practitioner of neoclassical architectu ...
and
Francesco Camporesi
Francesco Camporesi (1747, Bologna – 1831, Moscow) was an Italian architect, painter, engraver and educator who worked in Moscow in 1780s-1820s. Most of his architectural work perished in the Fire of 1812, was severely altered, demolished or ...
were the architects employed to supervise the construction of a Neoclassical residence in Lefortovo.
Emperor Paul
Paul I (russian: Па́вел I Петро́вич ; – ) was Emperor of Russia from 1796 until his assassination. Officially, he was the only son of Peter III and Catherine the Great, although Catherine hinted that he was fathered by her l ...
, known for his
dislike of his mother's palaces, converted the residence into
barracks.
After
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
's occupation of Moscow in 1812 the Catherine Palace was restored under the supervision of
Osip Bove
Osip ( Russian ''О́сип'') is a Russian male given name, a variant of the name Joseph. Notable people with the name include:
* Osip Abdulov (1900–1953), Soviet actor
* Osip Aptekman, Russian revolutionary
* Ossip Bernstein (1882-1962), Rus ...
. It has since been occupied by the Moscow
Cadet Corps
A corps of cadets, also called cadet corps, was originally a kind of military school for boys. Initially such schools admitted only sons of the nobility or gentry, but in time many of the schools were opened also to members of other social classes ...
,
Malinovsky Tank Academy
The Malinovsky Military Armored Forces Academy (Военная академия бронетанковых войск имени Маршала Советского Союза Р. Я. Малиновского) was one of the Soviet military academi ...
and other military institutions and has generally been inaccessible to the public at large. In October 1917 the Moscow cadets mounted a fierce resistance against the
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
in Lefortovo. What little remained of the
Annenhof Park was largely destroyed by the
1904 Moscow tornado
The June 29, 1904 Moscow tornado was only one of three disastrous tornadoes that occurred in central Russia in recorded history ( 1984 Yaroslavl tornado occurred June 9, 1984, in Ivanovo with Yaroslavl regions and 2009 Krasnozavodsk tornado occu ...
.
Lefortovo Park
The palace park was laid out in 1703, in Soviet times unofficially named Lefortovsky after
François Le Fort. The regular planning of the park has been preserved since the time of
Peter the Great. The main alleys, the Golovinsky Pond, and the Cross Pond have been restored, near which there is now a dilapidated Grotto from the end of the 18th century - a stone retaining wall with columns and niches. The gazebo nearby was built in the early 20th century. The total area of the manor house is 65.5 hectares. Entrance to the park is free. The palace and the area closest to it are still under the jurisdiction of military structures and are closed to the public.
File:Catherine Palace in Moscow.jpg, Moscow's longest colonnade
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or cur ...
consists of 16 dark columns set in a loggia
File:Fall Day in the Lefortovo Palace Garden in Moscow (Junge, 1892).jpg, Lefortovo Park in 1892
File:Lefortovo Park Grotto Mos06-13.jpg, An 18th-century grotto
References
{{Imperial palaces in Russia
Royal residences in Russia
Palaces in Moscow
Neoclassical palaces
Neoclassical architecture in Russia
Palladian architecture
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Moscow