''"Catagramma"'' is an obsolete

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

; the name continues to be used e.g. among butterfly collectors as a

form taxon Form classification is the classification of organisms based on their morphology, which does not necessarily reflect their biological relationships. Form classification, generally restricted to palaeontology, reflects uncertainty; the goal of sc ...

. ''"Catagramma"''

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

are popularly known as 88s, in reference to a pattern on the hindwing undersides of many that looks like the number 88. They are medium-sized (around 5 cm (2 in) wingspan) forest insects. The genus once contained over 100 species, essentially being a "

wastebin taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined ...

" for what was then already recognized of the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

that became the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Callicorini in 1952. The members of ''"Catagramma"'' are now divided among the related genera ''

Callicore ''Callicore'' is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the paraphyletic '' Catagramma'' assemblage. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-e ...

'', '' Catacore'', ''

Diaethria ''Diaethria'' is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Mexico to Paraguay. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights like the related genera ''Callicore'' and '' Perisama'', in reference to th ...

'', '' Paulogramma'' and '' Perisama''; others (like '' Cyclogramma'') are not often considered distinct anymore however. These genera have been found to be close relatives of '' Antigonis'' and '' Haematera'', which like them are in the Callicorini.

Jean Baptiste Boisduval Jean Baptiste Alphonse Déchauffour de Boisduval (24 June 1799 – 30 December 1879) was a French lepidopterist, botanist, and physician. He was one of the most celebrated lepidopterists of France, and was the co-founder of the Société entomol ...

lumped this conspicuous group of Callicorini during his epic Lepidoptera reviews from the 1830s to 1850s. He ignored the generic names of previous authors, creating numerous

junior subjective synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...

s throughout, but was widely followed by subsequent sources.

Frederick DuCane Godman Frederick DuCane Godman DCL FRS FLS FGS FRGS FES FZS MRI FRHS (15 January 1834 – 19 February 1919) was an English lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist. He was one of the twenty founding members of the British Ornithologists' Un ...

and

Osbert Salvin Osbert Salvin FRS (25 February 1835 – 1 June 1898) was an English naturalist, ornithologist, and herpetologist best known for co-authoring ''Biologia Centrali-Americana'' (1879–1915) with Frederick DuCane Godman. This was a 52 volume encyc ...

, for example, used the name ''Catagramma'' in the ''

Biologia Centrali-Americana The ''Biologia Centrali-Americana'' is an encyclopedia of the natural history of Mexico and Central America, privately issued in 215 parts from 1879 to 1915 by the editors Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin, of the British Museum (Natural ...

'', establishing it for posterity. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

of ''Catagramma'' is ''Catagramma hydaspes''. Described in 1836 from new material by Boisduval, it belongs to the present genus ''

''. It is probably a junior subjective synonym of '' C. pygas'', first validly described by

Jean Baptiste Godart Jean-Baptiste Godart (25 November 1775 – 27 July 1825) was a French entomologist. Born at Origny, Godart became impassioned by butterflies in his youth. He was charged by Pierre André Latreille (1762-1833) with writing the article on thes ...

in 1924 as ''Nymphalis pygas''.

References

* Attal, S & Crosson du Cormier, A (1996) ''The Genus ''Perisama'' (Nymphalidae)'',

Sciences Nat Sciences Nat was the academic publisher specialising in entomology of the Societé Sciences Nat. The society was established in 1971 and based in the rue de la Mare in Paris. Three years later it moved to the rue des Alouettes and later to Venet ...

Venette Venette () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. The town is located along the river Oise, near Compiègne. Population Its inhabitants are called Venettiens. There are about 2800 inhabitants (2012). See also * Communes of the ...

, 149 p - 65 figs - 12 color plate

* Dillon, L. S. (1948) ''The Tribe Catagrammini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).'' Part I. ''The Genus ''Catagramma'' and Allies''. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery Scientific Publications, vii + 1-113, 14 plates.

External links

*
Pteron
In Japanese but with

binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s. * Species list Biblidinae Obsolete arthropod taxa {{Biblidinae-stub