''Casuarina junghuhniana'', the mountain ru or red-tipped ru, is a

she-oak The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific ...

species of the genus ''

Casuarina ''Casuarina'' is a genus of 17 tree species in the family Casuarinaceae, native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa. It was once treated as the sole genus in the fa ...

'' that originated in

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

and Lesser Sunda Islands. The species has been introduced to

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...

and

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

Description

''Casuarina junghuhniana'' is an

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, whic ...

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

growing to 15–35 m (50–115 ft) tall.Normita Thongtham
Casuarina and effects
Bangkok Post, 23 February 2558. The foliage consists of slender, much-branched green to grey-green twigs 0.8–1 mm (0.032–0.039 in) diameter, bearing minute scale-leaves in whorls of 9–11. It is dioecious and The

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...

s are produced in small catkin-like

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ...

s. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

is an oval woody structure, superficially resembling a

conifer cone A conifer cone (in formal botanical usage: strobilus, plural strobili) is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants. It is usually woody, ovoid to globular, including scales and bracts arranged around a central axis, especially in conife ...

made up of numerous carpels each containing a single

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiospe ...

with a small wing 4–5 mm (0.16–0.2 in) long.Pl@ntUs
''Casuarina junghuhniana'' (PROSEA)
Retrieved 4 January 2564. Unlike '' Casuarina equisetifolia'', Mountain Ru (''C. junghuhniana'') has a narrower canopy, small and neat branches. It has a straight and knotless trunk. Like some other species of the genus ''

'', ''C. junghuhniana'' is an

actinorhizal plant Actinorhizal plants are a group of angiosperms characterized by their ability to form a symbiosis with the nitrogen fixing actinomycetota ''Frankia''. This association leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Classification Actinor ...

able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. In contrast to species of the plant family Fabaceae (e.g., beans, alfalfa, ''Acacia''), ''Casuarina'' harbours a symbiosis with a ''

Frankia ''Frankia'' is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the ''Rhizobium'' bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae. ''Frankia'' also initiate the forming of root ...

actinomycete The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota. A member of the order is often called an actinomycete. Actinomycetales are generally gram-positive and anaerobic and have mycelia in a filamentous and branching growth pattern. Some actinomycete ...

Taxonomy

There are two subspecies:Winrock International
Casuarina junghuhniana – a Highly Adaptable Tropical casuarina
NFTA 95-01, January 1995. * ''Casuarina junghuhniana'' subsp. ''junghuhniana'' distributed in Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores, Indonesia. * ''Casuarina junghuhniana'' ''subsp. timorensis'' found in Timor Island, Wetar, Sumba and Sumbawa, Indonesia and Timor-Leste.

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Java and Lesser Sunda islands, Indonesia.The species has been introduced to Pakistan and Bangladesh as a restoration of degraded forest areas.Plants of the World, Kew Scienc
''Casuarina junghuhniana'' Miq.
Retrieved 3 January 2564.

Uses

Popularly grown as an ornamental plant and a windproof line.บ้านและสว�

อมรินทร์พริ้นติ้งแอนด์พับลิชชิ่ง 4 July 2559. The wood of this tree is used for shingles, fencing, and is said to make excellent hot-burning firewood.Useful Tropical Plants Databas
Casuarina junghuhniana
13 June 2019.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q15377311 junghuhniana Taxa named by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel Dioecious plants