Cashibo (Caxibo, Cacibo, Cachibo, Cahivo), Cacataibo, Cashibo-Cacataibo, Managua, or Hagueti is an indigenous
language
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
of Peru in the region of the
AguaytÃa
AguaytÃa is a town situated in Peru, capital of the province Padre Abad Province, Padre Abad in the region Ucayali Region, Ucayali. It is situated on the banks of the AguaytÃa River (a tributary of the Ucayali River) at the highway between Pucal ...
, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers. It belongs to the
Panoan
Panoan (also Pánoan, Panoano, Panoana, Páno) is a family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia. It is possibly a branch of a larger Pano–Tacanan family.
Genetic relations
The Panoan family is generally believed to be relat ...
language family.
Dialects are Kashibo (Kaschinõ), Rubo/Isunbo, Kakataibo, and Nokamán, which until recently had been thought to be extinct.
Phonology
Consonants
The consonant inventory includes both a bilabial approximant, realized as
nowiki/>β̞.html"_;"title="β̞.html"_;"title="nowiki/>β̞">nowiki/>β̞">β̞.html"_;"title="nowiki/>β̞">nowiki/>β̞_and_a_labial-velar_approximant_/w/.
__Vowels_
Back_vowels_/o/_and_/u/_are_phonetically_realized_as_less_rounded;_[
Relative_articulation#More_and_less_rounded.html" ;"title="β̞">nowiki/>β̞.html" ;"title="β̞.html" ;"title="nowiki/>β̞">nowiki/>β̞">β̞.html" ;"title="nowiki/>β̞">nowiki/>β̞ and a labial-velar approximant /w/.
Vowels
Back vowels /o/ and /u/ are phonetically realized as less rounded; [
Relative articulation#More and less rounded">o̜], [
Relative articulation#More and less rounded, u̜].
Statistics
The language is official along the AguaytÃa, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers in Perú where it is most widely spoken. It is used in schools until third grade. There are not many monolinguals, although some women over the age of fifty are.
There is five to ten percent literacy compared to fifteen to twenty-five percent literacy in Spanish as a second language. A Cashibo-Cacataibo dictionary has been compiled, and there is a body of literature, especially poetry.
References
* Campbell, Lyle. (1997). ''American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America''. New York: Oxford University Press. .
* Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), ''Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages'' (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. .
External links
* ELAR archive o
Cashibo-Cacataibo language documentation materialsCashibo
(Intercontinental Dictionary Series
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (commonly abbreviated as IDS) is a large database of topical vocabulary lists in various world languages. The general editor of the database is Bernard Comrie of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary An ...
)
{{Authority control
Languages of Peru
Panoan languages