Carychiinae is a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

of minute air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

s, terrestrial

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=412660 on 2020-07-29

Taxonomy

Carychiinae is part of the family Ellobiidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Some authors consider Carychiidae as a separate family.

Genera

Genera within the subfamily Carychiinae include: * '' Carychiella'' Strauch, 1977 * '' Carychiopsina'' Kadolsky, 2020 † * '' Carychiopsis'' Sandberger, 1872 † * ''

Carychium ''Carychium'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ellobiidae. Species species within the genus ''Carychium'' include: *'' Carychium achimszulci'' Stworzewicz, 1999, Mioc ...

'' O. F. Müller, 1773 - type genus of the subfamily Carychiinae * ''

Koreozospeum ''Koreozospeum'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae). It contains a single species, ''Koreozospeum nodongense''. Etymology The name of ''Koreozospeum'' derives from Korea, where this genus was fi ...

'' Jochum, Prozorova, Sharyi-ool & Páll-Gergely, 2015 * '' Ovicarychium'' Kadolsky, 2020 † * '' Turricarychium'' Kadolsky, 2020 † * ''

Zospeum ''Zospeum'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ellobiidae, the salt marsh snails. Species Species within the genus ''Zospeum'' include: ** '' Zospeum allegrettii'' Conci, 1956 ** '' ...

'' Bourguignat, 1856 * '' Zuella'' Kadolsky, 2020 †

Ecology

One lineage of the Ellobioidea, the Carychiidae has successfully accomplished a complete transition onto land. Extant carychiid snails inhabit

aphotic The aphotic zone (aphotic from Greek prefix + "without light") is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1 percent of sunlight penetrates. Above the aphot ...

and permanently wet

epigean Epigeal, epigean, epigeic and epigeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity above the soil surface. In botany, a seed is described as showing epigeal germination when the cotyledons of the germinating seed expand, throw off the ...

(''

'') or subterranean (''

'') environments throughout their

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region ...

distribution. This dramatic shift from a marine to a terrestrial habitat has occurred independently of the

stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

n land-snails of the Eupulmonata.

References

Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". '' BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 13: 18.. Jochum, A., Ruthensteiner, B., Kampschulte, M., Martels, G., Kneubühler, J., & Favre, A. (2018). Fulfilling the taxonomic consequence after DNA Barcoding: ''Carychium panamaense'' sp. n.(Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) from Panama is described using computed tomographic (CT) imaging. ZooKeys, (795),
(PDF)
/ref> Jochum, A., Weigand, A. M., Bochud, E., Inäbnit, T., Dörge, D. D., Ruthensteiner, B., ... & Kampschulte, M. (2017). Three new species of ''Carychium'' OF Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT)(Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys, (675), 9
(PDF)
/ref> Weigand, A. (2013). New ''Zospeum'' species (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) from 980 m depth in the Lukina Jama–Trojama cave system (Velebit Mts., Croatia). Subterranean Biology, 11, 45. Jochum, A., Weigand, A. M., Slapnik, R., Valentinčič, J., & Prieto, C. E. (2012). The microscopic ellobioid, ''Zospeum'' Bourguignat, 1856 (Pulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) makes a big debut in Basque Country and the province of Burgos (Spain). MalaCo, 8, 400-40
(PDF)
/ref> Jochum, A., Prozorova, L., Sharyi-ool, M., & Páll-Gergely, B. (2015). A new member of troglobitic Carychiidae, ''Koreozospeum nodongense'' gen. et sp. n.(Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea) is described from Korea. ZooKeys, (517), 3
(PDF)
/ref> Jochum, A., Prieto, C. E., Kampschulte, M., Martels, G., Ruthensteiner, B., Vrabec, M., ... & de Winter, A. J. (2019). Re-evaluation of ''Zospeum schaufussi'' von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Z. suarezi Gittenberger, 1980, including the description of two new Iberian species using Computer Tomography (CT)(Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 835: 65–8
(PDF)
/ref> Jochum, A., De Winter, A. J., Weigand, A. M., Gómez, B., & Prieto, C. (2015). Two new species of ''Zospeum'' Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys, (483), 8
(PDF)
/ref> Jochum, A., Slapnik, R., Klussmann-Kolb, A., Páll-Gergely, B., Kampschulte, M., Martels, G., ... & Weigand, A. M. (2015). Groping through the black box of variability: An integrative taxonomic and nomenclatural re-evaluation of ''Zospeum isselianum'' Pollonera, 1887 and allied species using new imaging technology (Nano-CT, SEM), conchological, histological and molecular data (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). Subterranean Biology, 16, 123-165. Inäbnit, T., Jochum, A., Kampschulte, M., Martels, G., Ruthensteiner, B., Slapnik, R., ... & Neubert, E. (2019). An integrative taxonomic study reveals carychiid microsnails of the troglobitic genus ''Zospeum'' in the Eastern and Dinaric Alps (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 19(2), 135-177.

External links

ITIS
* Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 Taxa named by John Gwyn Jeffreys {{Ellobiidae-stub