Cartoonist

A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in both drawing and writing cartoons (individual images) or comics (sequential images). Cartoonists differ from comics writers or comic book illustrators in that they produce both the literary and graphic components of the work as part of their practice. Cartoonists may work in a variety of formats, including booklets, comic strips, comic books, editorial cartoons, graphic novels, manuals, gag cartoons, storyboards, posters, shirts, books, advertisements, greeting cards, magazines, newspapers, webcomics, and video game packaging.

Terminology

Cartoonists may also be denoted by terms such as comics artist, comic book artist, graphic novel artist or graphic novelist.

Ambiguity may arise because "comic book artist" may also refer to the person who only illustrates the comic, and "graphic novelist" may also refer to the person who only writes the script.

History

The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged in the 18th century, poked fun at contemporary politics and customs; illustrations in such style are often referred to as "Hogarthian". Following the work of Hogarth, political cartoons began to develop in England in the latter part of the 18th century under the direction of its great exponents, James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson, both from London. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, calling the king (George III), prime ministers and generals to account, and has been referred to as the father of the political cartoon.

Origin in the U.S.

While never a professional cartoonist, Benjamin Franklin is credited with the first cartoon published in ''The Pennsylvania Gazette'' in 1754: ''Join, or Die'', depicting the American colonies as segments of a snake. In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such as Thomas Nast, whose work appeared in ''Harper's Weekly'', introduced other familiar American political symbols, such as the Republican elephant.

Comic strips

Comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers by syndicates.

Calum MacKenzie, in his preface to the exhibition catalog, ''The Scottish Cartoonists'' (Glasgow Print Studio Gallery, 1979) defined the selection criteria:
:The difference between a cartoonist and an illustrator was the same as the difference between a comedian and a comedy actor—the former both deliver their own lines and take full responsibility for them, the latter could always hide behind the fact that it was not his entire creation.

Many strips were the work of two people although only one signature was displayed. Shortly after Frank Willard began ''Moon Mullins'' in 1923, he hired Ferd Johnson as his assistant. For decades, Johnson received no credit. Willard and Johnson traveled about Florida, Maine, Los Angeles, and Mexico, drawing the strip while living in hotels, apartments and farmhouses. At its peak of popularity during the 1940s and 1950s, the strip ran in 350 newspapers. According to Johnson, he had been doing the strip solo for at least a decade before Willard's death in 1958: "They put my name on it then. I had been doing it about 10 years before that because Willard had heart attacks and strokes and all that stuff. The minute my name went on that thing and his name went off, 25 papers dropped the strip. That shows you that, although I had been doing it ten years, the name means a lot."

See also

*Comic book creator
*Penciller
*Editorial cartoonist
*Harvey Award
*List of cartoonists
*List of newspaper comic strips
*Mangaka
*List of manga artists
*'' The Someday Funnies''
*Webcomic
*Female comics creators
* Glossary of comics terminology
* Daily comic strip
* Sunday comics
* Sunday strip

References

Citations

Works cited

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Further reading

* Steve Edgell, Tim Pilcher, Brad Brooks, ''The Complete Cartooning Course: Principles, Practices, Techniques'' (London: Barron's, 2001).

External links

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Societies and organizations

Professional Cartoonists' Organisation (UK)National Cartoonists SocietyAssociation of American Editorial CartoonistsSociety of IllustratorsSociety of Children’s Book Writers and IllustratorsSociety of Illustrators of Los AngelesThe Association of IllustratorsThe Illustrators Partnership of AmericaAIIQ - l’Association des Illustrateurs et Illustratrices du QuébecColorado Alliance of IllustratorsInstitute For Archaeologists Graphics Archaeology GroupGuild of Natural Science IllustratorsGuild of Natural Science Illustrators-NorthwestIllustrators AustraliaNewsartAustralian Cartoonists Association
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Communities

Cartoonist ClubDeviantARTConceptArttoonsUpMojizuIllustrateurComic DesignSteamKat

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Visual arts occupations
Comics
Cartooning