Caroline Boussart (12 December 1808, Binche - 2 December 1891, Bruges) was a Belgian

feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...

, journalist, and managing director. Boussart founded the newspaper ''Journal de Bruges'', with her husband, the map maker and editor, Philippe Christian Popp, which she managed from 1837 to 1891. She was its publication director for half a century. She is regarded as a pioneer for her sex in Belgian media.

Biography

When Caroline was a child, her father, Félix Boussart, was imprisoned at Trnava after the surrender of Dresden in 1813. He died the following year at the House of the Invalids in Pest (Maison des Invalides de Pest). On her mother, originally from Abbeville in Northern France, she was related to the famous navigator Picot (Baron of La Peyrouse), to the painter François Picot and to the poet Millevoye. She married Philippe Christian Popp, with whom she had eight children. Fascinated by Brugge, she desired to restore her adopted city to its prior splendor, which it lost following the silting of the

Zwin The Zwin is a nature reserve at the North Sea coast, on the Belgian-Dutch border. It consists of the entrance area of a former tidal inlet which during the Middle Ages connected the North Sea with the ports of Sluis and Bruges inland. The Zwi ...

in the Middle Ages as the once vibrant city port stopped its activities. In her work, she fought for fiscal reforms, the creation of railways, the adopting of steam engines in factories; she strived to end the death penalty and poverty in Flanders. With her husband, Philippe Christian Popp, she headed the newspaper ''Journal de Bruges'', at N°1 Woensdagmarkt in Brugge. The first edition was released on April 4, 1837. The newspaper would continue with two of her daughters, Antoinette and Nelly Popp. From the 12 October 1862 until 28 December 1890, Caroline also wrote the "Brugge letters" (''les lettres brugeoises'') in the ''Office de publicité'' under the pseudonym "Charles." She collaborated as well with ''Illustrated Belgium (Belgique illustré), Belgian Illustration, European Illustration, Globe,'' and the ''European Express.'' Having been born in Binche, she had a good knowledge of the medieval city, which she used to inform her writing in ''Flemish Tales and Legends (Récit et Légendes des Flandres)''. This woman of letters was similar to George Sand as they both belonged to the liberalism movement, in particular with her promotion railways or campaigning for the abolition of taxes. Caroline also supported development of

Blankenberge Blankenberge (; french: Blankenberghe; vls, Blanknberge) is a city and a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the town of Blankenberge proper and the settlement of Uitkerke. On 1 December 2014, Bla ...

. She found beauty in Coq-sur-Mer where the writer Jean d'Ardenne would later live.

Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romantic writer and politician. During a literary career that spanned more than sixty years, he wrote in a variety of genres and forms. He is considered to be one of the great ...

invited her on 18 August 1871, along with her husband and one of their daughters, to visit him in exile at his house in Pont de Vianden, while the journalist Jean d'Ardenne stayed there from August 17 to 19. On August 22, V. Hugo left Vianden and accompanied Caroline Popp on excursions, as noted in ''Choses vu'' (August 22, 1871). She encouraged both poets

Georges Rodenbach Georges Raymond Constantin Rodenbach (16 July 1855 – 25 December 1898) was a Belgian Symbolist poet and novelist. Biography Georges Rodenbach was born in Tournai to a French mother and a German father from the Rhineland (Andernach). He was ...

and

Émile Verhaeren Émile Adolphe Gustave Verhaeren (; 21 May 1855 – 27 November 1916) was a Belgian poet and art critic who wrote in the French language. He was one of the founders of the school of Symbolism and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Litera ...

in their work. During the summer of 1884, she lodged Georges Rodenbach at her home.

Bibliography

* ''Nathalie, souvenir de Blankenberghe'', Bruxelles, A. N. Lebègue et Cie, 1861, in-8° de 40 pages. (Nouvelle couronnée au concours de la Société d'émulation de Liège). * ''Récits et Légendes des Flandres'' rchive/small>, Bruxelles, A. N. Lebègue et Cie, 1867, in-8° de 300 pages. (Le Pavillon de chasse d'Uytkerke; Ic hou de Brouck; Nathalie, Souvenir de Blankenberghe; Les cinq anneaux; Légende de la dentelle; Jantje Van Sluis; Bruges Souterrain) * ''La Légende de la dentelle'', Soc. anon. brugeoise d'imprimerie et de publicité, Bruges, 1867. * ''Contes et nouvelles'' (1880) * ''Paysages flamands et wallons'' (1887) * ''Caroline Popp, Préface et choix de textes'' par A. Daxhelet, Anthologie des Écrivains Belges de langue française, Dechenne, Bruxelles, 1909.

References

Sources

* Olivier Salazar-Ferrer, « Jean d'Ardenne et Victor Hugo », ''L'Echo Hugo'' (Paris), n^o 4, 2004, 61–67. * Article "Popp", ''Biographie Belge'', Académie Royale de Belgique. * André Vanhoutryve, ''Journal de Bruges. Een Franstalige, Brugse, conservatieve, liberale krant. Met een herdruk van 'La Tête de Fer' van Caroline Popp'', Zwevezele, 2002. * Denise De Weerdt, ''En de vrouwen?'', Masereelfonds, Brussel, 1980 (p. 33-34) *

Éliane Gubin Éliane Gubin (born in 1942) is a Belgian historian, researcher and professor of political and social history, specializing in the history of women and feminism. In the late 1980s, she initiated the introduction of women's history at the Universi ...

(2006) (French). ''Dictionnaire des femmes belges: XIXe et XXe siècles.'' Lannoo Uitgeveri. {{DEFAULTSORT:Boussart, Caroline 1808 births 1891 deaths Belgian feminists People from Binche 19th-century Belgian women writers 19th-century Belgian writers Belgian non-fiction writers 19th-century Belgian journalists 19th-century Belgian businesspeople Newspaper founders