''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to
, the legume family. All but one species are native to
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
; the exception, ''
Carmichaelia exsul
''Carmichaelia exsul'' is a flowering plant in the legume family. It is the only species of the genus ''Carmichaelia'' found in Australia. The specific epithet means an exile, with reference to it being the only species in its genus native outsid ...
'', is native to
Lord Howe Island
Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies directly east of mainland P ...
and presumably dispersed there from New Zealand.
The formerly recognised
genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
''Chordospartium'', ''Corallospartium'', ''Notospartium'' and ''Huttonella'' are now all included in ''Carmichaelia''.
The genera ''Carmichaelia'', ''
Clianthus
''Clianthus'', commonly known as kakabeak (''kōwhai ngutukākā'' in Māori), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, comprising two species of shrubs native to New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers whi ...
'' (kakabeak), ''
Montigena
''Montigena'' is a genus of flowering plant in the legume family (biology), family Fabaceae, comprising a single species of dicotyledonous herb native plant, native to New Zealand, known as ''Montigena novae-zelandiae'' or more commonly the scre ...
'' (scree pea) and ''
Swainsona
''Swainsona'' is a large genus of flowering plants native to Australasia. There are 85 species, all but one of which are endemic to Australia.
A member of the family Fabaceae (legumes), it is most closely related to the New Zealand genera ''Mont ...
'' comprise the clade
Carmichaelinae.
[ ''Carmichaelia'' is named after Captain ]Dugald Carmichael
Dugald Carmichael (born 1772 in Stronacraoibh, Lismore Island, died 1827 in Appin) was a Scottish botanist and officer in the 72nd Highlanders. He is known as the "Father of Marine Botany". The plant genus ''Carmichaelia'' is named after him.
He ...
, a Scottish army officer and botanist who studied New Zealand plants.
''Carmichaelia'' ranges in form from trees to prostrate species a few centimetres high.[ Mature plants are usually leafless, their leaves replaced by ]stipule
In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...
s which have fused into scales.[
''Carmichaelia'' species are found throughout New Zealand, although the eastern ]South Island
The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman ...
has 15 species endemic to it. Most species have a restricted range within New Zealand. They colonise disturbed ground in shallow, poor soils, drought- and frost-prone areas, and alluvial soils.
The New Zealand brooms are not closely related to the European common broom ''Cytisus scoparius
''Cytisus scoparius'' ( syn. ''Sarothamnus scoparius''), the common broom or Scotch broom, is a deciduous leguminous shrub native to western and central Europe. In Britain and Ireland, the standard name is broom; this name is also used for oth ...
.'' Common broom has been introduced to New Zealand, where it is sometimes known as ''Scotch broom'' to distinguish it from native species and is classed as a noxious weed
A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place", or a plant growing where it is not wanted.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. ...
because of its invasiveness.
Species
''Carmichaelia'' includes the following species:ILDIS species list for ''Carmichaelia''
/ref>
*''Carmichaelia aligera
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, ''Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably disp ...
'' G. Simpson – North Island broom; common throughout the northern part of the North Island
The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by the Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest ...
.
*''Carmichaelia angustata
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, ''Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably disp ...
'' Kirk – leafy broom
*''Carmichaelia appressa
''Carmichaelia appressa'' (common name prostrate broom) is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" under the New Zealand Thre ...
'' G.Simpson
*''Carmichaelia arborea
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, ''Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably disp ...
'' (G.Forst.) Druce – South Island broom
*''Carmichaelia arenaria
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, ''Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably disp ...
'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia astonii
''Carmichaelia astonii'' (common name Aston's dwarf broom) is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally vulnerable" under the New Zealand Threat Class ...
'' G.Simpson
*''Carmichaelia australis
''Carmichaelia australis'', or common broom, is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is native to New Zealand and found in both the North and South Islands. Its conservation status (2018) is "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat ...
'' R.Br.
*'' Carmichaelia carmichaeliae'' (Hook.f.) Heenan
*''Carmichaelia compacta
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, ''Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably disp ...
'' Petrie
*''Carmichaelia corrugata
''Carmichaelia corrugata'' (common name common dwarf broom) is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only on the South Island of New Zealand.
Description
''Carmichaelia corrugata'' is a low growing (2-8 cm tall) leafless shrub ...
'' Colenso
*''Carmichaelia crassicaulis
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, ''Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably disp ...
'' Hook.f. – coral broom; occurs in arid, stony ground on the eastern side of the Southern Alps
The Southern Alps (; officially Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana) is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the range's western side. The name "Southern ...
, growing up to an altitude of 1300 m.
*'' Carmichaelia cunninghamii'' Raoul
*'' Carmichaelia curta'' Petrie
*'' Carmichaelia egmontiana'' (Cockayne & Allan) G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia enysii'' – dwarf broom; forms low clumps not more than a few centimetres high. Found south of Arthur's Pass
Arthur's Pass, previously called Camping Flat then Bealey Flats, and for some time officially Arthurs Pass, is a township in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand, located in the Selwyn district. It is a popular base for explorin ...
. (Both NZPCN and Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
treat it as a synonym of '' C. nana''.)
*''Carmichaelia exsul
''Carmichaelia exsul'' is a flowering plant in the legume family. It is the only species of the genus ''Carmichaelia'' found in Australia. The specific epithet means an exile, with reference to it being the only species in its genus native outsid ...
'' F.Muell
*'' Carmichaelia fieldii'' Cockayne (Treated as synonym of '' C. juncea'' by Plants of the World Online.)
*'' Carmichaelia flagelliformis'' Hook. – whip broom; the stems are rounded, thin and whippy. Found from the East Cape southwards.
*'' Carmichaelia floribunda'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia glabrata'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia glabrescens'' (Petrie) Heenan – pink broom; grows up to 10 m high. It is restricted to growing at altitude in the Marlborough
Marlborough may refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Marlborough, Wiltshire, England
** Marlborough College, public school
* Marlborough School, Woodstock in Oxfordshire, England
* The Marlborough Science Academy in Hertfordshire, England
Austral ...
region of the South Island.
*'' Carmichaelia grandiflora'' – large-flowered broom; found only on the West Coast West Coast or west coast may refer to:
Geography Australia
* Western Australia
*Regions of South Australia#Weather forecasting, West Coast of South Australia
* West Coast, Tasmania
**West Coast Range, mountain range in the region
Canada
* Britis ...
of the South Island.
*'' Carmichaelia hollowayi'' G.Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia hookeri'' Kirk
* ''Carmichaelia'' × ''hutchinsii'' (M.D.Griffiths) Heenan
*'' Carmichaelia juncea'' Hook.f.
*'' Carmichaelia kirkii'' Hook.f.
*'' Carmichaelia lacustris'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia monroi'' Hook.f.
*'' Carmichaelia muritai'' (A.W.Purdie) Heenan
*'' Carmichaelia nana'' (Hook.f.) Hook.f.
*'' Carmichaelia nigrans'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia odorata'' Benth. – scented broom
*'' Carmichaelia orbiculata'' Colenso
*'' Carmichaelia ovata'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia petriei
''Carmichaelia petriei'' is a species of New Zealand broom belong to the genus ''Carmichaelia''. It is endemic to New Zealand. ''C. petrieis'' is possibly a host plant for the critically endangered fungus weevil ''Cerius otagensis''.
Taxonomy
...
'' Kirk
*'' Carmichaelia prona'' Kirk
*'' Carmichaelia ramosa'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia rivulata'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia robusta'' Kirk
*'' Carmichaelia silvatica'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia solandri'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia stevensonii'' (Cheeseman) Heenan – weeping broom, tree broom; a distinctive tree, growing up to 9 m high. It occurs only at altitude in the northeast corner of the South Island
The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman ...
, particularly along the Waiau Toa / Clarence River
The Clarence River (; officially Waiau Toa / Clarence River) is a major river which flows through the Kaikōura Ranges in the northeast of New Zealand's South Island. At roughly long, it is the longest river in Canterbury and the eighth longest ...
and the Awatere River
The Awatere River is a large river flowing through Marlborough, New Zealand. Flowing along the trace of the active Awatere Fault, it runs northeast through a straight valley to the west of the Inland Kaikoura mountains. This valley is parallel ...
.
*'' Carmichaelia suteri'' Colenso
*'' Carmichaelia torulosa'' (Kirk) Heenan
*'' Carmichaelia uniflora'' Kirk
*'' Carmichaelia uniflora'' Kirk
*'' Carmichaelia violacea'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia virgata'' Kirk (Synonym of '' C. petriei'' Kirk according to Plants of the World Online)[
*'' Carmichaelia williamsii'' Kirk – giant-flowered broom; found in coastal regions of the ]Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty ( mi, Te Moana-a-Toi) is a region of New Zealand, situated around a bight of the same name in the northern coast of the North Island. The bight stretches 260 km from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runawa ...
and East Cape
East Cape is the easternmost point of the main islands of New Zealand. It is located at the northern end of the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island. It can also refer to the broader Gisborne cape.
East Cape was originally named "C ...
.
*'' Carmichaelia vexillata'' Heenan
References
External links
*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1043776
Flora of New Zealand
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
Fabaceae genera