''
Don
Don, don or DON and variants may refer to:
Places
*County Donegal, Ireland, Chapman code DON
*Don (river), a river in European Russia
*Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name
*Don, Benin, a town in Benin
*Don, Dang, a vill ...
'' Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este (
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
: ''Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael'';
French: ''Charles Marie des Douleurs Jean Isidore Joseph François Cyr Antoine Michel Gabriel Raphaël''; 30 March 1848 – 18 July 1909) was the
Carlist
Carlism ( eu, Karlismo; ca, Carlisme; ; ) is a Traditionalism (Spain), Traditionalist and Legitimists (disambiguation), Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the House of Bourbon, Bourbon dynasty ...
claimant to the
throne
A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monar ...
of
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
from 1868 (his father's Spanish renunciation), and the
Legitimist
The Legitimists (french: Légitimistes) are royalists who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession to the French crown of the descendants of the eldest branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution. They re ...
claimant to the throne of
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
after the death of his father in 1887.
Life
Carlos was born in
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...
, the capital of
Carniola
Carniola ( sl, Kranjska; , german: Krain; it, Carniola; hu, Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region sti ...
in what is now
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
, the elder son of
Infante Juan, Count of Montizón and of his wife
Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este
Maria Beatrix Anna Frances of Austria-Este (1824–1906) ( it, Maria Beatrice Anna Francesca d'Austria-Este) was a high aristocrat from the Modena branch of the House of Habsburg. As daughter to the ruling Duke of Ferrara and of Modena, Duke of Mo ...
. His name in full was ''Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael''. As an infant he lived with his family briefly in
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
where his younger brother
Alfonso
Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...
was born. After their father, considered too liberal for Carlist tastes, left their mother, the boys lived with her in
Modena
Modena (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern I ...
. Her brother
Francis V, Duke of Modena
Francis may refer to:
People
*Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome
*Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
*Francis (surname)
Places
*Rural Mu ...
was largely responsible for the education of the boys and was the chief influence in their early lives. Carlos was known for his
Traditionalist views, much different from those of his father.
Family
On 4 February 1867, at
Frohsdorf
Lanzenkirchen is a market town in the district of Wiener Neustadt-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
Geography
Lanzenkirchen is situated on the river Leitha, south of the city Wiener Neustadt, at the foot of the Rosaliengebirge mountain ...
in
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
, Carlos married
Princess Margherita of Parma, daughter of
Carlos III, Duke of Parma and of his wife,
Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France
Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois (21 September 1819 – 1 February 1864) was a duchess and later a regent of Parma. She was the eldest daughter of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of King Charles X of France and Princess Caroline o ...
. The couple had five children:
*
Blanca de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1868–1949) m in 1889 at
Frohsdorf
Lanzenkirchen is a market town in the district of Wiener Neustadt-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
Geography
Lanzenkirchen is situated on the river Leitha, south of the city Wiener Neustadt, at the foot of the Rosaliengebirge mountain ...
Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany
Archduke Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (Leopold Salvator Maria Joseph Ferdinand Franz von Assisi Karl Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Rainer Wenzel Galius von Österreich-Toskana) (15 October 1863 – 4 September ...
and had issue.
*
Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1870–1931)
* Elvira de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1871–1929) died unmarried (but with illegitimate issue who took the surname "de Bourbon", by artist Filippo Folchi).
* Beatriz de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1874–1961) married in
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
in 1892 Prince Fabrizio
Massimo di Roviano (his mother was Donna Francesca di Paola
Lucchesi-Palli, daughter of
Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily french: Marie Caroline Ferdinande Louise
, house = Bourbon-Two Sicilies
, father = Francis I of the Two Sicilies
, mother = Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria
, religion = Roman Catholicism
, signature = Italian signature of Maria Carolina ...
and her second husband)
* Alicia de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1876–1975) married (1) in 1897
Friedrich Friedrich may refer to:
Names
* Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich''
* Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich''
Other
* Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Year ...
, Prince von
Schönburg-Waldenburg at
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
and had issue, divorced 1903; (2) in 1906 at
Viareggio
Viareggio () is a city and ''comune'' in northern Tuscany, Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. With a population of over 62,000, it is the second largest city within the province of Lucca, after Lucca.
It is known as a seaside resort as ...
,
Lino del Prete and had issue.
''De facto'' king
Carlos organized and led the
Third Carlist War
The Third Carlist War ( es, Tercera Guerra Carlista) (1872–1876) was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is sometimes referred to as the "Second Carlist War", as the earlier "Second" War (1847–1849) was smaller in scale and relatively trivial ...
. Between 1872 and 1876 he effectively controlled much of
peninsular Spain
Peninsular Spain refers to that part of Spanish territory located within the Iberian Peninsula, thus excluding other parts of Spain: the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, Ceuta, Melilla, and a number of islets and crags off the coast of Mor ...
, having as much legitimacy as the Presidents of the First Republic.
Later life
In January 1893 Carlos' wife, Margherita, died. The following year he decided to remarry. He consulted his mother who suggested two ladies: Princess Theresia of Liechtenstein (daughter of
Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein
Prince Alfred Louis of Liechtenstein (Alfred Aloys Eduard; 11 July 1842 in Prague – 8 October 1907 in Frauenthal castle) ) and
Princess Marie-Berthe de Rohan (daughter of Prince Arthur de
Rohan).
Having met both ladies, Carlos decided on the latter and asked for her hand in marriage.
On 28 April 1894 Carlos and Berthe were married by
Cardinal Schönborn
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
in his private chapel in
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
. Berthe had a dominant personality, making the marriage very unpopular among Carlists. "All writers agree that this second marriage was disastrous, not only for the family of Don Carlos and for
arlos
Arlos is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the ...
himself, but also for the
arlistparty."
[Del Burgo, 341]
Carlos died in
Varese
Varese ( , , or ; lmo, label= Varesino, Varés ; la, Baretium; archaic german: Väris) is a city and ''comune'' in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 has reached 80,559.
It is the c ...
in 1909.
He is buried in the
Cathedral of San Giusto in
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...
.
His son Jaime followed in his father's footsteps of claiming the French and Spanish thrones.
Ancestry
References
Bibliography
* Del Burgo, Jaime. ''Carlos VII y su tiempo: Leyenda y realidad''. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, 1994.
* "The Curé Santa Cruz and the Carlist War." ''
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
''Blackwood's Magazine'' was a British magazine and miscellany printed between 1817 and 1980. It was founded by the publisher William Blackwood and was originally called the ''Edinburgh Monthly Magazine''. The first number appeared in April 1817 ...
'' (1873).
* "The Spanish Pretender: Who he is and What he has Been." ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'' (May 31, 1874).
*
, -
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carlos Of Madrid, Duke
1848 births
1909 deaths
People from Ljubljana
Legitimist pretenders to the French throne
Carlist pretenders to the Spanish throne
People of the Third Carlist War
Anti-Masonry in Spain
Navarrese titular monarchs