Carlo Schanzer (18 December 1865 – 23 October 1953) was a Vienna-born Italian jurist and politician. He held several cabinet posts from 1906 to 1922.

Early life and education

Schanzer was born in Vienna on 18 December 1865. His father was a Polish-born business lawyer, and his mother was a pianist. Schanzer had three siblings. His brother Ottone was a

musicologist Musicology (from Greek μουσική ''mousikē'' 'music' and -λογια ''-logia'', 'domain of study') is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, although some mu ...

and composer and the other, Roberto, was an engineer and mathematician while his sister, Alice, married Tancredi Galimberti, a well-known poet and writer. In the 1870s the family moved to Milan and then to Rome. After graduating from a high school in Rome Schanze received a bachelor's degree in law in November 1886. In 1888 he obtained Italian citizenship.

Career

Schanzer was a member of the

Council of State A Council of State is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head o ...

and then became the director general of the civil administration at the

Ministry of the Interior An interior ministry (sometimes called a ministry of internal affairs or ministry of home affairs) is a government department that is responsible for internal affairs. Lists of current ministries of internal affairs Named "ministry" * Ministry ...

. He was elected to the

Italian Parliament The Italian Parliament ( it, Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitiona ...

in 1900 and to the

Italian Senate The Senate of the Republic ( it, Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate ( it, Senato), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral sy ...

in 1919. He was appointed minister of posts to the third Giolitti cabinet and was in office in the period 1906–1909. He served as the minister of treasury and as the

minister of finance A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation. A finance minister's portfolio has a large variety of names around the world, such as "treasury", " ...

in the

first First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...

and

second The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds ...

cabinets of

Francesco Saverio Nitti Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paolo Nitti (19 July 1868 – 20 February 1953) was an Italian economist and political figure. A Radical, he served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1919 and 1920. According to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (" ...

between 1919 and 1920. Schanzer was named as the

minister of foreign affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

to the Facta cabinet on 25 February 1922. During the Fascist rule in Italy Schanzer continued his public activities and was appointed minister of state in December 1928. Following the end of the Fascist period

Carlo Sforza Count Carlo Sforza (24 January 1872 – 4 September 1952) was an Italian diplomat and anti-fascist politician. Life and career Sforza was born at Lucca, the second son of Count Giovanni Sforza (1846-1922), an archivist and noted historia ...

, high commissioner for the sanctions against fascism, proposed Schanzer's forfeiture on 7 August 1944 based on the verdict of the a higher court dated 21 October 1944. Against the order Schanzer appealed to the

Supreme Court of Cassation A court of cassation is a high-instance court that exists in some judicial systems. Courts of cassation do not re-examine the facts of a case, they only interpret the relevant law. In this they are appellate courts of the highest instance. In th ...

which annulled the forfeiture on 8 July 1948.

Personal life and death

Schanzer published several articles in different academic journals, including ''

Current History ''Current History'' is the oldest extant United States-based publication devoted exclusively to contemporary world affairs. The magazine was founded in 1914 by George Washington Ochs Oakes, brother of ''The New York Times'' publisher Adolph Ochs, ...

''. On 20 July 1899 he married Corinna Centurini with whom he had two daughters, Fulvia and Ludovica. He died in Rome on 23 October 1953. His grandson was Carlo Ripa di Meana, an Italian politician and noble, who was the son of Fulvia.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Schanzer, Carlo 1865 births 1953 deaths Government ministers of Italy Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy Politicians from Vienna Finance ministers of Italy Foreign ministers of Italy Italian people of Polish descent