Carlo Giuseppe Matteo Marangoni (29 April 1840 – 14 April 1925) was an Italian

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate caus ...

Biography

Marangoni graduated in 1865 from the

University of Pavia The University of Pavia ( it, Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV or ''Università di Pavia''; la, Alma Ticinensis Universitas) is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one ...

under the supervision of

Giovanni Cantoni Giovanni Cantoni (31 December 1818 – 15 July 1897) was an Italian physicist and political figure. Life He taught at the University of Pavia, where Carlo Marangoni was among his students, and headed the Italian metrological service from 1865� ...

with a dissertation entitled "" ("On the spreading of liquid droplets"). He then moved to

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

where he first worked at the "Museo di Fisica" (1866) and later at the Liceo Dante (1870), where he held the position of High School Physics Teacher for 45 years until retirement in 1916. He primarily studied surface phenomena in liquids, and the

Marangoni effect The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer along an interface between two phases due to a gradient of the surface tension. In the case of temperature dependence, this phenomenon may be called thermo-capill ...

and the Marangoni number are named after him. He also contributed to

meteorology Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not ...

and invented a ''Nefoscopio'' to observe clouds.

Aspirator and Compressor

Marangoni simplified the aspirator for the measurement of

gas Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or ...

. A common flaw in aspirator were inaccurate measurements caused by ascending of

air The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing f ...

or gas through descending liquid. The perfected device uses a couple of vessels attached to a fixed horizontal shaft, ''FE'', which rests on two erect supports. The shaft has various passages which conducts the functions of the taps. The water of the above receptacle releases into the bottom receptacle by passage ''A'', and through the tube, ''BC'', issuing at the lowest extremity at ''C''. The air within the bottom vessel is omitted by the passage ''DE'', cut into the shaft, meanwhile the air or gas is aspirated in the identical ratio by the passage, ''FG''. T. O'Conor Sloane. Facts Worth Knowing Selected Mainly from the Scientific American for Household, Workshop, and Farm Embracing Practical and Useful Information for Every Branch of Industry. Hartford: S. S. Scranton. 1895.

References

External links

Marangoni Obituary (in italian)
(A list of Marangoni's publications are included in this obituary.) 1840 births 1925 deaths University of Pavia alumni 19th-century Italian physicists Scientists from Pavia Fluid dynamicists {{Italy-physicist-stub