Carlo Bisiach
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Carlo Bisiach (1892–1968) was a
violin maker A luthier ( ; AmE also ) is a craftsperson who builds or repairs string instruments that have a neck and a sound box. The word "luthier" is originally French and comes from the French word for lute. The term was originally used for makers of ...
born in
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
. Bisiach's work contributed to the rebirth of
violin The violin, sometimes known as a ''fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone (string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in the family in regular ...
making in the region after the difficult times of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
and
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. After working with his father Leandro in Milan and then Siena, Carlo established himself at
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
in 1922. The most talented of Leandro's sons, Carlo went on to develop his own style quite separate from the Antoniazzi-derived work of his father and brothers.


Biography

Carlo Bisiach was born in Milan on 9 March 1892 and died on 23 April 1968. The son and student of
Leandro Bisiach Leandro Bisiach (16 June 1864 – 1 December 1945) was an Italian violin maker, who was born in Casale Monferrato and died in 1945 at Venegono Superiore near Varese. Biography Trained as a violinist, he made his first violin on his own and rece ...
, descendant of the Cremonese school, he began studying the art of stringed-instrument making in the early years of his life. In 1922, after marrying Daria Guidi in
Siena Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...
, he moved to Florence. They first lived in via della Spada; later they moved to via San Zanobi, and in 1929 to via Puccinotti. Here Bisiach lived for the rest of his life. As a young man, Carlo studied cello with Giovanni Buti and for a time seriously considered a career as a performer. In 1906, at the age of 14, he along with his older brother Andrea (two years his senior), traveled to
Mirecourt Mirecourt () is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. Mirecourt is known for lace-making and the manufacture of musical instruments, particularly those of the Violin family. Inhabitants are called Mirecurtiens. G ...
to study violin making with Leon Mougenot. Between 1909 and 1914, Carlo studied the art of bow making with Eugene Sartory in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, working alongside Andre Vigneron (1881-1924). Next, he traveled to
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
where he spent several years in the workshop of
Karel Van der Meer Karel may refer to: People * Karel (given name) * Karel (surname) * Charles Karel Bouley, talk radio personality known on air as Karel * Christiaan Karel Appel, Dutch painter Business * Karel Electronics, a Turkish electronics manufacturer * ...
. Then spent close to a year in Germany until
WWI World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, where he acquired a wealth of knowledge in restoration techniques and expertise in classic instruments establishing contacts with the top English and German dealers and experts. With the outbreak of
WWI World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Carlo & Andrea returned to
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
for military service where to Carlo's fortune, they made use of his musical talents. He had been assigned to playing concerts for the troops, which included solo w/orchestra, orchestral music, chamber music as well as recitals with pianist
Tullio Serafin Tullio Serafin (1 September 18782 February 1968) was an Italian conductor and former Musical Director at La Scala. Biography Tullio Serafin was a leading Italian opera conductor with a long career and a very broad repertoire who revived many 19t ...
(1878-1968), who was later to become an outstanding opera conductor.Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
was being bombed by Austrian Zeppelins, which brought a stop to most normal activities. With most of his pupils as well as his sons in the war, it was at this point that Leandro Sr. closed his Milan studio and moved to the safer and beautiful medieval city of Siena at the invitation of Count
Guido Chigi-Saracini Count Guido Chigi Saracini (Siena, 8 March 1880 – Siena, 18 November 1965), full name Guido Chigi degli Useppi Saracini Lucherini, was an Italian patrician, a musical patron and composer, and a public administrator. Having inherited the Palazzo C ...
, and stayed there from 1916 to 1922, where he worked on restoring and building up the Counts collection by acquiring great examples of the best instruments. For several years, the Chigi-Bisiach studio attracted clients including famous concert artists from all over to have their instruments repaired, adjusted and appraised. In 1917 Sderci was introduced to
Leandro Bisiach Leandro Bisiach (16 June 1864 – 1 December 1945) was an Italian violin maker, who was born in Casale Monferrato and died in 1945 at Venegono Superiore near Varese. Biography Trained as a violinist, he made his first violin on his own and rece ...
by Don Fortunato (Sderci's brother) and Count Chigi Saracini. To Sderci's good fortune, he did not serve in the war owing to circulatory problems in his legs, a lifelong condition. Sderci had worked as a sculptor & carver for his uncles Tito and Giuseppe Corsini in Siena making richly decorated furniture, and then in a factory making ladies’ shoes, even designing some with removable heels. Recognizing his innate talent and needing an assistant, Sderci was taken on by Leandro. At the end of the war, when Carlo Bisiach joined his family in
Siena Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...
, Igino was put under Carlo's guidance for training. Sderci excelled quickly as he was ardent about violin making. Newly found archival evidence (from Milan and Siena as well as De Paolis family) shows that “Sderci worked with Bisiachs mainly in Siena, and the only recorded time he visited Milan was for the wedding of Bisiach’s daughter Amina to Lorenzo De Paolis (famous cellist) in 1921 at their villa in Venegono Superiore, near Milan.” Historical Archive of Siena points out that “Igino Sderci emigrated to Florence on August 14, 1926” (not earlier) - Archivio Storico del Comune di Siena. Hence Igino's early instrument Amatese Strad labeled ‘fecit in SIENA Anno 1924’. By 1922, Leandro's work at Chigi Palazzo was completed and he returned to Milan, where he worked until his retirement around 1932. From 1921 to 1924 Leandro Jr. & Giacomo remained in
Siena Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...
to study with Sderci, and shortly after Sderci had moved to Florence on August 14, 1926, as confirmed by Siena Historic Archives.


Florence

Carlo Bisiach had met his love Daria Guidi (a concert pianist) while in Siena, married her in 1922 (he was 30 years old) and decided to make
Tuscany Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze''). Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...
his new home and moved to
Firenze Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
. Once in Firenze (Florence), Carlo first settled in via della Spada at the corner of via Tornabuoni. In 1923, his son Guido was born in November 1923. Two years later they had moved to via San Zanobi 49. By 1929, they moved to via Puccinotti 72 and subsequently to via Puccinotti 94 (where Carlo lived for the rest of his life). In
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
he took on the position of a “conservationist/curator of Museum of the R. Conservatorio di Musica di Firenze (later Luigi Cherubini Conservatory of Music in Florence) which included the Medici Quartet made by
Antonio Stradivari Antonio Stradivari (, also , ; – 18 December 1737) was an Italian luthier and a craftsman of string instruments such as violins, cellos, guitars, violas and harps. The Latinized form of his surname, ''Stradivarius'', as well as the colloq ...
.” His instruments, though few in number, are constructed of top quality material and have perfect sound. After completing the construction of the instrument, he would leave it for up to two years before going on to the varnishing. This precision made him famous worldwide. He is particularly well known for the quality of his varnish and the technique used to apply it onto the instruments. "Unlike many modern makers, Carlo did not attempt to develop his own model. He was convinced that the classical masters of the 17th & 18th centuries had brought the violin to the peak of its formal and sonorous beauty and he was content to emulate them in so far as it was possible for him to do so. Among the makers whose works he copied were of course Stradivari, often the early Strad Amatise types, Guarneri Del Gesu, G.B. Guadagnini, Januarius Gagliano, Mantegazza,
Tommaso Balestrieri Tommaso Balestrieri was an Italian luthier in Mantua, primarily active from 1750s to 1780s. Biography Balestrieri's origin is not well established. His violin labels identify him to be from Cremona. He was born around 1735 and moved to Mantua la ...
, Andrea Guarneri,
Pietro Guarneri Pietro Guarnieri (14 April 1695 – 7 April 1762) was an Italian luthier. Sometimes referred to as ''Pietro da Venezia'', he was the son of Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri, ''filius Andreae'', and the last of the Guarneri house of violin-mak ...
of Mantua,
Camillo Camilli Camillo Camilli (c. 1704 – 1754) was a notable master luthier of the 18th century. The instruments of Camilli, most of which he made in Mantua, in northern Italy, are prized by string musicians to this day. He was a pupil of Zanotti, but was mai ...
as well as Gabrielli. But the model he admired most, both for its designing and tonal characteristics was that of Pietro Guarneri."The Strad - June 1973: p.70-79. Mell, Albert Carlo Bisiach (1892 - 1968) According to top experts, he is considered the best of the Bisiach family. Among his awards is a gold medal at XIII Exhibition, Padua. Represented with four violins at the prestigious exhibition-competition of modern violin making held in
Cremona Cremona (, also ; ; lmo, label= Cremunés, Cremùna; egl, Carmona) is a city and ''comune'' in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the ''Pianura Padana'' ( Po Valley). It is the capital of th ...
in 1937 on the occasion of Stradivari's bicentenary, in 1949 he won the diploma of honour at the exhibitions mounted at
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
and in Cremona. Subsequently, he received numerous other prizes and recognitions. His instruments are distinguished by the care taken in the selection of wood and their elegance of form. "A number of his instruments were made of maple cut from near the root of the tree. Wood from this area is often unpredictable in its marking and occasionally has a unique figure of extraordinary beauty." Many distinguished artists owned Carlo Bisiach's instruments including Louis Kaufman (legendary American violin virtuoso), Franz von Vecsey, Edward Karkar, Maestro Saito of the Quartet of Tokyo and Dominique Pereira, concert violinist living in Bombay, India owned an Amatise Strad model circa 1923 then ordered a Guadagnini model as well. New World Record: Tarisio London 24 June 2013 Carlo Bisiach violin Florence 1922 £39,000 (US$60,240) Other recent auction results: Christie's NY #97 Apr-2008 Bisiach, Carlo Violin Florence, 1923 $51,400


Quotes

"Though an accomplished restorer and expert, violin making was his great love, and for this skill his fame is secure. " - The Bisiach Family 1983, Philip J. Kass "Carlo Bisiach did not (like most modern violin makers) try to, develop his own designs. He was convinced that the masters of the classic Cremonese school of the XVII and XVIII centuries had reached the height of perfection, in terms of elegance of form and fullness and softness of sound. He chose to be inspired by the masters, principally by Stradivarius during his «Amatise» period, but also by Guarnieri del Gesu, G.B. Guadagnini, and Gennaro Gagliano. However his preferred model was that of Pietro Guarnieri of Mantua. " - Pardo Fornaciari "Dario II Vettori - for the construction of his instruments he uses the moulds and models from his family’s workshop, most of them originally belonging to Carlo Bisiach’s collection, once owned by Igino Sderci. The wide variety of models employed in the Vettori’s workshop is consisting of Guarneri “del Gesù”, Pietro Guarneri da Mantova, Stradivari, Carlo Bergonzi, Camillo Camilli, Balestrieri, Nicolò Gagliano, Francesco Mantegazza, Domenico Montagna, Giuseppe Guarneri “filius Andreae” and many others." - Vettori family "Resplended workmanship , often handsome slab backs and very fine grain for breasts , orange-red varnish. Gold medalist at various exhibitions" - Universal Dictionary by William Henley "Among the greatest representatives of the Tuscan Lutherie of the early 20th century were undoubtedly Carlo Bisiach, his friend and pupil Igino Sderci and Dario Vettori.” - Gualtiero Nicolini Liutai in Italia: dall'Ottocento ai giorni nostri 2008 “The finest new violins I have ever tried and I have played between 30 and 40 modern makers”. - Oct. 1939 Isaac Stern “Among the greatest representatives of the Tuscan Lutherie of the early 20th century were undoubtedly Carlo Bisiach, his friend and pupil Igino Sderci and Dario Vettori.” - Gualtiero Nicolini Liutai in Italia: dall'Ottocento ai giorni nostri 2008 “Carlo Bisiach was a marvelous maker.” - Alebrt Mell Journal of the Violin Society of America, Vol. II, No. 4 “His instruments are always painstakingly produced, the varnish is delicate and often of a red-brown color. They can be distinguished by means of the wood, which is selected with extreme care, for the smoother finishing and for the richness of the varnish, which reveals an optimum formulation which because of certain changes of color, makes the instrument seem old.” Sesto Rocchi


Awards

Carlo Bisiach's list of honors and awards: * Gold Medal Certificate, XIII Industrial Exhibition, Padua 1931 * Citation of Merit, Stradivari Bicentennial, Cremona 1937 * Certificate of Honour, International Exhibition 1949 * and Concourse, Cremona violin listed N. 96 in Civic Museum * Two Special Certificates, Concourse Hendrik Jacobsz Holland 1949 * Special Certificate, Accademia Nazionale Santa Cecilia, Rome 1952 * Certificate of Honour, National Exhibition and Concourse * of Contemporary Violin Making Accad. Santa Cecilia, Rome 1952 * Certificate of Honour (same as above) 1954 * Gold Medal, National Exhibition of Violin Making, Ancona 1957 * Certificate of Honour, Exhibition of Violin Making, Cremona 1965 * Certificate of Honour (same as above) 1967


Instruments

After working with his father Leandro in Milan, Carlo established himself at Florence in 1922. The most talented of Leandro's sons, Carlo went on to develop his own style quite separate from the Antoniazzi-derived work of his father and brothers. View a fine example of Carlo Bisiach violin Firenze circa 1939:
Carlo Bisiach violin top Firenze 1939


External sources


Bisiach Family Heritage.
by Philip J. Kass


References

* The Strad - November 2020 p. 38-44. Filimonov, Gennady Carlo Bisiach/ Siena Years/ Igino Sderci(DISPATCHES FROM THE FRONT LINE) * * The Strad - June 1973: p. 70-79. Mell, Albert Carlo Bisiach (1892–1968) * The Strad - July 1973: p. 135-145. Mell, Albert Carlo Bisiach (1892–1968) * The Art of Violin Making in Italy : Arnaldo Bonaventura (from Arte Liutaria by Carlo Vettori) * A WORTHY INHERITOR OF HIS FATHER'S ART: CARLO BISIACH : Pardo Fornaciari (from Arte Liutaria by Carlo Vettori) * I Maestri Del Novicento - Carlo Vettori * La Liuteria Lombarda del '900 - Roberto Codazzi, Cinzia Manfredini 2002 * Dictionary of 20th Century Italian Violin Makers -
Marlin Brinser Marlins are fish from the family Istiophoridae, which includes about 10 species. A marlin has an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long, rigid dorsal fin which extends forward to form a crest. Its common name is thought to deri ...
1978 * * * G.B. Guadagnini e Gli Interpreti Del Novicento / Guadagnini and those he inspired in the twentieth century published by Edizioni Il Salabue * The Legend of Italian Violins: Brescian and Cremonese Violin Makers 1550–1950, Chi Mei Culture Foundation, Wen-Lo Shi, Taiwan, 2009. * Liuteria Italiana in Cafaggiolo, Florence, in 1989 * Great Italian Violinmaking, Artemio Versari, Edizioni Novecento, Cremona, 2009 * Meister Italienischer Geigenbaukunst -
Walter Hamma Walter Hamma (22 September 1916 – 11 August 1988) was a German violin maker. His father, Fridolin Hamma, was an influential violin maker. Walter Hamma was pupil of the violin making school in Mittenwald 1933-1935. He worked with Ferdinand Ja ...
1964 * Italian & French Violin Makers - Jost Thoene 2006
Liuteria Parmense
*


Footnotes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bisiach, Carlo Italian musical instrument makers Bowed string instrument makers Italian luthiers 1892 births 1968 deaths 20th-century Italian musicians