Carlisle Castle is a medieval stone keep castle that stands within the English city of

Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from xcb, Caer Luel) is a city that lies within the Northern England, Northern English county of Cumbria, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, Scottish border at the confluence of the rivers River Eden, Cumbria, Eden, River C ...

near the ruins of

Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall ( la, Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or ''Vallum Hadriani'' in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. R ...

. First built during the reign of William II in 1093 and rebuilt in stone under

Henry I Henry I may refer to: 876–1366 * Henry I the Fowler, King of Germany (876–936) * Henry I, Duke of Bavaria (died 955) * Henry I of Austria, Margrave of Austria (died 1018) * Henry I of France (1008–1060) * Henry I the Long, Margrave of the ...

in 1122, the castle is over 900 years old and has been the scene of many historical episodes in

British history The British Isles have witnessed intermittent periods of competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts of Great Britain, the Isle of Man, Ireland, the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and t ...

. Given the proximity of Carlisle to the border between England and

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

, it has been the centre of many wars and invasions. During the Jacobite Rising of 1745–6, Carlisle became the last English fortress to undergo a siege. The castle was listed as a

Scheduled Ancient Monument In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The various pieces of legislation that legally protect heritage assets from damage and d ...

on 7 August 1996. Today the property is managed by

English Heritage English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a charity that manages over 400 historic monuments, buildings and places. These include prehistoric sites, medieval castles, Roman forts and country houses. The charity states that i ...

and is open to the public. Until 2006, the castle was the administrative headquarters of the former

King's Own Royal Border Regiment The King's Own Royal Border Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1959 until 2006, and was part of the King's Division. It was formed at Barnard Castle on 1 October 1959 through the amalgamation of the King's Ow ...

and until 2019 it was the county headquarters to the

Duke of Lancaster's Regiment The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border) (LANCS) is an infantry regiment of the line within the British Army, part of the King's Division. Headquartered in Preston, it recruits throughout the North West of England. The Du ...

. A museum to the regiment is within the castle walls.

History

Carlisle Castle was first built during the reign of

William II of England William II ( xno, Williame; – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third so ...

, the son of

William the Conqueror William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first House of Normandy, Norman List of English monarchs#House of Norman ...

. At that time,

Cumberland Cumberland ( ) is a historic county in the far North West England. It covers part of the Lake District as well as the north Pennines and Solway Firth coast. Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974. From 19 ...

(the original name for north and west

Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumb ...

) was still considered a part of Scotland. William II ordered the construction of a

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...

style

motte and bailey A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or Bailey (castle), bailey, surrounded by a protective Rampart (fortification ...

castle in Carlisle on the site of the old

Roman fort In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word ''castrum'', plural ''castra'', was a military-related term. In Latin usage, the singular form ''castrum'' meant 'fort', while the plural form ''castra'' meant 'camp'. The singular and ...

Luguvalium Luguvalium was a Roman town in northern Britain in antiquity. It was located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. Name The Romans called the settlement at what is today ...

, dated by

dendrochronology Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed. As well as dating them, this can give data for dendroclimatology, the study of climate and atmos ...

to 72AD, with the castle construction beginning in 1093. The need for a castle in Carlisle was to keep the northern border of England secured against the threat of invasion from Scotland. In 1122,

Henry I of England Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts. On William's death in ...

ordered a stone castle to be constructed on the site. Thus a

keep A keep (from the Middle English ''kype'') is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word ''keep'', but usually consider it to refer to large towers in c ...

and

city walls A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications with towers, bastions and gates ...

were constructed. The existing Keep dates from somewhere between 1122 and 1135. The tower keep castle is one of only 104 recorded examples, most being found on the Welsh border. Carlisle Castle - geograph

The act of driving out the Scots from Cumberland led to many attempts to retake the lands. The result of this was that Carlisle and its castle would change hands many times for the next 700 years. The first attempt began during the troubled reign of

Stephen of England Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne '' jure uxoris'' from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 u ...

. On 26 March 1296, John 'The Red' Comyn, since the fourth quarter of 1295 Lord of Annandale, led a Scottish host across the Solway to attack Carlisle. The then governor of the castle, Robert de Brus, deposed Lord of Annandale, successfully withstood the attack, before forcing the raiders to retreat back through Annandale to

Sweetheart Abbey The Abbey of Dulce Cor, better known as Sweetheart Abbey ( Gaelic: ''An Abaid Ur''), was a Cistercian monastery founded in 1275 in what is now the village of New Abbey, in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire in Dumfries and Galloway, ...

. From 22 July to 1 August 1315, Scottish forces laid

siege A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition warfare, attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity con ...

to the Castle. However, the Scottish lacked the resources needed to maintain a siege and withdrew. From the mid-13th century until the

Union of the Crowns The Union of the Crowns ( gd, Aonadh nan Crùintean; sco, Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I and the practical unification of some functions (such as overseas dip ...

of England and Scotland in 1603, Carlisle Castle was the vital headquarters of the

Western March Li County or Lixian is an administrative division of the prefecture-level city of Longnan in southeastern Gansu, a northwestern province of China. The 2010 Chinese census found a population of 458,237, a decline of around 25,000 from the year 200 ...

, a buffer zone to protect the western portion of the Anglo-Scottish border.

Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...

converted the castle for artillery, employing the engineer Stefan von Haschenperg. For a few months in 1567,

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scot ...

was imprisoned within the castle, in the Warden's Tower. Later, the castle was besieged by the

Parliamentary A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democracy, democratic government, governance of a sovereign state, state (or subordinate entity) where the Executive (government), executive derives its democratic legitimacy ...

forces for eight months in 1644, during the

English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...

The most important battles for the city of Carlisle and its castle were during the

Jacobite rising of 1745 The Jacobite rising of 1745, also known as the Forty-five Rebellion or simply the '45 ( gd, Bliadhna Theàrlaich, , ), was an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the Monarchy of Great Britain, British throne for his father, James Franci ...

against

George II George II or 2 may refer to: People * George II of Antioch (seventh century AD) * George II of Armenia (late ninth century) * George II of Abkhazia (916–960) * Patriarch George II of Alexandria (1021–1051) * George II of Georgia (1072–1089) * ...

. The forces of Prince

Charles Edward Stuart Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart (20 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, grandson of James II and VII, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and ...

travelled south from Scotland into England reaching as far south as

Derby Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby gai ...

. Carlisle and the castle were seized and fortified by the Jacobites. However they were driven north by the forces of

William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (15 April 1721 Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">N.S..html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki> N.S.">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html"_;"title="/nowiki>Old_Style_and_New_St ...

, the son of George II. Carlisle was recaptured, and the Jacobites were jailed and executed. That battle marked the end of the castle's fighting life, as defending the border between England and Scotland was not necessary with both countries again one in Great Britain. After 1746, the castle became somewhat neglected, although some minor repairs were undertaken such as that of the drawbridge in 1783. Some parts of the castle were then demolished for use as raw materials in the 19th century to create more or less what is visible to the visitor today. In 1851 the barracks were occupied by the 33rd Regiment of Foot with 10 officers, 150 soldiers, 2 servants and 25 soldiers' wives and children. The

Army An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...

moved in to take hold of the castle and in 1873 a system of recruiting areas based on counties was instituted under the

Cardwell Reforms The Cardwell Reforms were a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War Edward Cardwell between 1868 and 1874 with the support of Liberal prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstone paid little attention ...

and the castle became the

depot Depot ( or ) may refer to: Places * Depot, Poland, a village * Depot Island, Kemp Land, Antarctica * Depot Island, Victoria Land, Antarctica * Depot Island Formation, Greenland Brands and enterprises * Maxwell Street Depot, a restaurant in ...

for the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot and the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot. Under the

Childers Reforms The Childers Reforms of 1881 reorganised the infantry regiments of the British Army. The reforms were done by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers during 1881, and were a continuation of the earlier Cardwell Reforms. The reorganisation was ...

, the 34th and 55th regiments amalgamated to form the

Border Regiment The Border Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, which was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot and the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot. After service i ...

with its depot in the castle in 1881. The castle remained the depot of the Border Regiment until 1959, when the regiment amalgamated with the

King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army. It served under various titles and fought in many wars and conflicts, including both the First and the Second World Wars, from 1680 to 1959. In 1959, the r ...

to form the

. The Army Reserve still use parts of the castle: 8 Platoon C Company 4th Battalion the

are based within the Burma Block alongside a Multi Cap-Badge detachment of the Army Reserve, including Medics, Engineers, Logisticicians, Intelligence and Infanteers from other Cap Badges. Carlisle Castle was listed as (List Entry Number: 1014579) in August 1996, by what is now

Historic England Historic England (officially the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England) is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. It is tasked wit ...

. The listing for the Scheduled Ancient Monument status includes "the upstanding and buried remains of Carlisle medieval tower keep castle, two lengths of Carlisle city wall, a 16th century battery, and the buried remains of much of the Roman fort known as Luguvalium, a large part of which underlies the later castle." In 2016, Historic England undertook the first official investigation into the historic graffiti and carvings scattered over the castle site, using

photogrammetric Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant ima ...

techniques to record findings. The ‘Prisoners’ Carvings’ in the Keep, and a medieval door covered in etchings, were laser scanned, photographed and filmed, alongside a Roman altar stone, medieval and postmediaeval graffiti and carvings across the complex, to produce 3D models as a record of their current condition.

Museum

The Castle houses Cumbria's Museum of Military Life. The museum "relates the history of Cumbria’s County Infantry Regiment, the Border Regiment and the King’s Own Royal Border Regiment and local Militia", according to ''Visit Cumbria'' guide.

List of governors

Governors appointed by: * Henry II (1154–1189): ** 1175– Robert de Vaux, Baron of Gilsland (died c.1195) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1174–1183) **

Hugh Bardulf Hugh Bardulf or Hugh Bardolf (died c. 1203) was a medieval English administrator and royal justice. Known for his legal expertise, he also served as a financial administrator. He served three kings of England before his death. Bardulf began hi ...

(died 1203) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1199) *

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

(1199–1216): ** William de Stuteville, Baron of Lyddal (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1198,1200) ** ?-1215 Robert de Ros, Baron of Wark (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1212–1215) ** 1215–1216 Robert de Vaux, Baron of Gilisland * Henry III (1216–1272): ** 1216– Robert de Veteripont (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1216) ** 1217–

Walter de Gray Walter de Gray (died 1 May 1255) was an English prelate and statesman who was Archbishop of York from 1215 to 1255 and Lord Chancellor from 1205 to 1214. His uncle was John de Gray, who was a bishop and royal servant to King John of England. Af ...

(Archbishop of York) ** Robert de Vaux ** 1248– William de Dacre (died 1258) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1236–1247) ** Thomas de Multon (de Lucy) **

John Baliol John Balliol ( – late 1314), known derisively as ''Toom Tabard'' (meaning "empty coat" – coat of arms), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an ...

(later King of Scotland) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1248) ** -1255 & 1267-

Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale Robert V de Brus (Robert de Brus), 5th Lord of Annandale (ca. 1215 – 31 March or 3 May 1295), was a feudal lord, justice and constable of Scotland and England, a regent of Scotland, and a competitor for the Scottish throne in 1290/92 in the ...

(Sheriff of Cumberland, 1255,1283) **

William III de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle (died 1260) ( Latinised as ''de Fortibus'', sometimes spelt Deforce) played a conspicuous part in the reign of Henry III of England, notably in the Mad Parliament of 1258. William married twice. His first ...

(Sheriff of Cumberland, 1255,1259) ** –1258 William de Dacre (died 1258) ** 1260– Eustace de Baliol (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1261) ** 1265– Roger de Leyburne (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1265) *

Edward I Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassal o ...

(1272–1307): ** Robert de Hampton (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1274) ** Richard de Holebrok ** John de Swinburn (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1277) ** 1278– Gilbert de Curwen of Workington (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1278,1308) ** William de Boyville (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1282) ** 1295–

Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale Robert de Brus (11 July 1243 – 15 March 1304Richardson, Douglas, Everingham, Kimball G. "Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families", Genealogical Publishing Com, 2005: p732-3, ,link/ref>), 6th Lord of Annandale, ''jure ...

** c.1296 Michael de Harcla (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1285) ** 1302–

John de Halton John de Halton (died 1324), also called John de Halghton, was an English priest and Bishop of Carlisle from 1292 to 1324. Life Little is known of Halton's background, but he attended Oxford University.Summerson "Halton, John" ''Oxford Dictionar ...

, Bishop of Carlisle ** Alexander de Bassenthwaite (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1307, 1309) *

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to t ...

(1307–1327): **

Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall (c. 1284 – 19 June 1312) was an English nobleman of Gascon origin, and the favourite of Edward II of England. At a young age, Gaveston made a good impression on King Edward I, who assigned him to the househo ...

(executed 1312) ** 1315–

Ralph Fitzwilliam Ralph Fitzwilliam (c. 1256 – 11 February 1317), or Ralph, son of William de Grimthorpe, Lord of Greystoke, was a feudal baron with extensive landholdings in the North of England, representative of a manorial lordship seated where Grimthorpe ...

, Baron of Greystoke (died 1316) ** c.1315 John de Castre (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1310,1311,1316) ** c.1315–1323 Andrew de Harcla, 1st Earl of Carlisle (executed 1323) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1311,1312,1318,1319) (Warden of the Western March, 1319–) ** 1323– Anthony Lord Lucy of Cockermouth (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1318,1323,1338) **

, Bishop of Carlisle (2nd time) (died 1324) *

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...

(1327–1377): ** February 1327– Anthony Lord Lucy of Cockermouth ** c.1332

Ralph Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre Ralph (or Ranulph) Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre (ca. 1290 – April 1339) was an English peer. Dacre was the son of Sir William Dacre of Cumberland. In 1321 he was summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Dacre. In 1331 he was appointed High Sherif ...

(died 1339) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1332) ** c.1337 John de Glanton ** John Kirkby (bishop of Carlisle) ** Sir Hugh de Moresby (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1331) ** Thomas, Lord Lucy (died 1365) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1345) (Warden of the Western March, 1346–) ** Roland de Vaux (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1338) ** Sir Richard de Denton (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1336) ** Sir Hugh de Lowther (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1325,1351,1354) ** 1376–

Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford, ninth Lord Clifford, fifth Baron of Westmoreland (10 July 1333 – 13 July 1389), was the son of Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford (d. 20 May 1344), second son of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de ...

(Sheriff of Cumberland, 1377) *

Richard II Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father died ...

(1377–1399): **

Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann, KG, Lord Marshal (10 November 134120 February 1408) was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and a descendant of Henry III of England. His mother was Mar ...

(Warden of the Western March, 1384–) ** 1384–1392

Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford, also 6th Lord of Skipton (c. 1363 – 1391) was a Knight of The Chamber, hereditary Sheriff of Westmorland, Governor of Carlisle Castle, and Warden of the West Marches. Life He was the son of Roger d ...

(jointly) (joint Warden of the Western March, 1386–) ** 1385– Ralph, Lord Neville de Raby (jointly) (joint Warden of the Western March, 1386–) ** John Lord Ross of Hamlake ** 1395– John Holland, Earl of Huntington (Warden of the Western March, 1398–) (executed 1400) ** Sir Lewis Clifford * Henry IV (1399–1415); ** Henry Lord Percy, surnamed Hotspur, Governor and General of the Marches * Henry VI (1421–1471) **John Skipton (appointed February 1427, died February 1434) *

Edward IV Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...

(1442–1483); ** Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later

Richard III of England Richard III (2 October 145222 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battl ...

) (Warden of the Western March, 1471–1485) *

Richard III Richard III (2 October 145222 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battl ...

(1483–1485): ** 1483–?1485 William Musgrave * Henry VII (1485–1509); ** 1485–?1502 Sir Richard Salkeld of Corby (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1483, 1495) ** 1502–?1525

Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre of Gilsland, KG (25 November 1467 – 24 October 1525) was the son of Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre of Gilsland and Mabel Parr, great-aunt of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King He ...

(Warden of the Western March, 1490–1525) *

(1509–1547); ** 1525–

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, (15 June 1519 – 23 July 1536), was the son of King Henry VIII of England and his mistress, Elizabeth Blount, and the only child born out of wedlock whom Henry VIII acknowledged. He was the ...

(7 years old) (Warden of the Marches, 1525–) *** 1525–1527

Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland KG (1493 – 22 April 1542) was a member of the Clifford family which was seated at Skipton Castle, Yorkshire from 1310 to 1676. Origins He was born at Skipton Castle, a son of Henry Clifford, 10th Bar ...

(Deputy) ** 1527–1534 William Lord Dacre of Gillesland (Warden of the Western March, 1527–1534) ** 1534–1542

(Warden of the Western March, 1534–1542) ** 1542–?1549

Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton Sir Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (1495 – 23 August 1568) was an English nobleman and a follower of King Henry VIII of England. He is best known for his victory at Solway Moss on 24 November 1542 for which he was given a barony. Early life ...

(died 1568) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1529,1535,1539) (Warden of the Western March, 1542–1549) *

Edward VI Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first E ...

(1547–1553): ** 1549–1550 William Lord Dacre of Gillesland ** 1551–?1553

John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers (c. 1524 – 13 June 1557) was a British peer and military administrator. Biography Conyers was born the son of Christopher Conyers, 2nd Baron Conyers circa 1524. He was knighted in 1544. In 1551 he was made Wa ...

(Warden of the Western March, 1551–1553) *

Mary I Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain from January 1556 until her death in 1558. Sh ...

(1553–1558): ** William Lord Dacre of Gillesland *

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen". El ...

(1558–1603): ** William Lord Dacre of Gillesland (died 1563) ** c.1560–1591 Henry Lord Scrope of Bolton (Warden of the Western March, 1560–1591) ** 1593–?1603 Thomas Lord Scrope of Bolton (last Warden of the Western March, 1593–1603) *

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

(1625–1649): ** 1640– Sir Nicholas Byron (afterwards

Governor of Chester The Governor of Chester was a military officer responsible for the garrison at Chester Castle. The equivalent or related role from the 11th to 14th centuries was Constable of Chester. Governors * 1399: John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury * 1643: ...

, 1644) ** c.1644 Sir Henry Stradling (Royalist) ** 1644 Sir Thomas Glemham ** 1645 Sir John Brown (Parliamentarian) ** 1645 Sir William Douglas (Covenanter/Parliamentarian) ** c.1648 Sir Philip Musgrave Bt (resigned July 1648) (Royalist) ** October 1648– Sir William Livingston ** 1649–1651 Colonel Thomas Fitch (MP for Carlisle, 1654–55) (Parliamentarian) ** June 1651– Sir Philip Musgrave Bt ** 1658–1659

Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle (162824 February 1685) was an English military leader and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1653 and 1660 and was created Earl of Carlisle in 1661. Howard was the son and he ...

** February 1660 – November 1660

Post-Restoration of the monarchy

* Charles II (1660–1685): ** December 1660:

Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet (21 May 1607 – 7 February 1678) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England from 1640 to 1643 and from 1661 to 1678. He served in the Royalist army in the Civil War. Biography Musgrave ...

(died 1678) ** 1678–c.1685:

(died 1685) ** 1684/5:

Sir Christopher Musgrave, 4th Baronet Sir Christopher Musgrave, 4th Baronet (c. 1632 – 29 July 1704) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1704, and briefly became Father of the House in 1704 as the member with the longest unbrok ...

* James II (1685–1688): ** 1687: Sir Francis Howard of Corby (catholic) ** December 1688:

(MP for Carlisle, 1681–90) *

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg ...

(1689–1702): **1689:

Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet FRS (9 November 1642 – 17 January 1706) was an English gentleman and landowner at Whitehaven. Lowther was born at Whitehaven, in the parish of St Bees, Cumberland, the son of Sir Christopher Lowther, 1st Barone ...

** December 1689: Jeremiah Bubb (died 1692) (MP for Carlisle 1689–92) ** March 1693 – 1738:

Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, PC (c. 1669 – 1 May 1738) was a British nobleman, peer, and statesman. Charles Howard was the eldest son of Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle, and inherited his title on the death of his father in 1692 ...

(1727–1760): ** 1738:

Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle KG (14 August 1694 – 3 September 1758), styled Viscount Morpeth until 1738 was a British Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1738 when he succeeded to the Peerage as Earl of Carlis ...

** 27 October 1739: Lt Gen. John Folliot ** 12 August 1749: Gen. Sir Charles Howard ** 1752: Gen.

John Stanwix John Stanwix (born about 1690, England; died at sea, 29 October 1766) was a British soldier and politician. Background He was born John Roos, the son of Rev. John Roos, rector of Widmerpool, Nottinghamshire. In 1725 he succeeded to the estates o ...

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

(1760–1820): ** July 1763:

Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington (1726 – 8 September 1792) was a British peer. Life He was the son of the 1st Earl of Darlington and educated at Christ Church, Oxford, graduating with a MA on 3 July 1749. He joined the Army as an En ...

** 22 September 1792: Lt Gen. Montgomery Agnew ** 8 September 1818: Lt Gen.

Robert Burne Robert A. Burne is an American microbiologist focusing on molecular mechanisms governing the ability of bacteria that are capable of causing diseases in humans to modulate their virulence in response to environmental influences. As of 2017 he was ...

George IV George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten y ...

(1820–1830): ** 18 June 1825: Maj. Gen. Sir

George Adam Wood Major-General Sir George Adam Wood Order of the Bath, CB Order of St. Vladimir, K.St.V Royal Guelphic Order, KCH Military Order of Maria Theresa, KMT (176722 April 1831) was a British Army officer who served in the Peninsular War and fought at th ...

Kt. CB *

William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded h ...

(1830–1837): ** 28 April 1831 – 1837: Lt Gen. Hon. James Ramsay, son of the Earl of Dalhousie (last governor) *

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

(1837–1901): ''The post of Governor of Carlisle was abolished in 1838''.

Lieutenant-Governors of Carlisle

*1724–1749: Sir Charles Howard *12 August 1749: Cromwell Ward *19 March 1812: John Farquharson

Arthurian Legend

By some accounts, Carlisle is none other than

Camelot Camelot is a castle and court associated with the legendary King Arthur. Absent in the early Arthurian material, Camelot first appeared in 12th-century French romances and, since the Lancelot-Grail cycle, eventually came to be described as the ...

, the mythical seat of King Arthur's court. In a 14th century poem, legend has it that Sir Gawain, one of the knights of the round table, stayed at the Castle of Carlisle while on a hunting expedition in the haunted

Inglewood Forest Inglewood Forest is a large tract of mainly arable and dairy farm land with a few small woodland areas between Carlisle and Penrith in the English non-metropolitan county of Cumbria or ancient county of Cumberland. Etymology ''Inglewood'' is fi ...

. He then slept with the Carle's wife and killed him. This poem has strong parallels with another 14th century poem about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The story has since been re-adapted many times most recently in films from

1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. ...

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...

and

2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October–November 2021 ...

Footnotes

External links

Castle page at English HeritageCumbria's Museum of Military LifeHistory of Carlisle Castle Prison from theprison.org.uk
{{Governors and Constables in England and Wales Castles in Cumbria English Heritage sites in Cumbria Tourist attractions in Cumbria Buildings and structures in Carlisle, Cumbria Locations associated with Arthurian legend Scheduled monuments in Cumbria Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria Grade I listed castles Museums in Cumbria Regimental museums in England History of Carlisle, Cumbria