Carl Hubert Wyland (22 May 1886 – 24 May 1972) was a German

blacksmith A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such ...

Early life and career

Hailing from a traditional Cologne locksmith family Wyland led since the 1920s by large orders in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

and

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

. From the 1950s he was also operating in the

USA The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

. In 1835 Carl Wyland's grandfather, Johann Wyland (1811-1884), founded a metalworking art shop. At the age of 17, Carl Hubert Wyland decided to continue the family tradition and began a three-year apprenticeship in his father's business. His brother Heinrich instead decided to enter the field of electrical engineering. After his apprenticeship he attended the School of Applied Arts (1906-1909) and the Graduate School in Cologne. There Wyland was trained in forging technology, structural engineering, building construction and technical design. 1911/1912 he completed his training in the technical office of the Maschinenfabrik Wanzelius & Schlüsselburg in

Metz Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand E ...

. The entrance to the father's workshop was in 1913 after he had completed an internship in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. In 1922 Wyland took over the workshop from his father Carl Gustav Wyland (1848-1922) and set it from metalworking art to locksmith art and pure art. He then focused on architectural blacksmithing. His wife Mary, born Frings – whom he married in 1921 – was a sister of the Cologne architect Ernst Wilhelm Scheidt (1889-1961). Their only son died in

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

in the

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

on 9 November 1943. Carl Wyland worked together with many well-known architects such as

Werner March Werner Julius March (17 January 1894 – 11 January 1976) was a German architect, son of Otto March (1845-1913), and brother of Walter March, both also well-known German architects. Werner March designed Germany's 1936 Olympic stadiu ...

or Rudolf Schwarz. Wyland received numerous national and international awards for his work. He also worked on drafts of his friend the Austrian sculptor Wolfgang Wallner (

Kölner Werkschulen The ''Kölner Werkschulen'' (Cologne Academy of Fine and Applied Arts), formerly Cologne Art and Craft Schools, was a university in Cologne training artists in visual arts, architecture and design from 1926 to 1971. History Origins The origins ...

). Wyland continued to work after his retirement. Many apprentices have been working with him studying his

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

and skills. One of the last students, trained in Cologne in the Wyland ironwork shortly before his death in 1972 was the

Neuwied Neuwied () is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the District of Neuwied. Neuwied lies on the east bank of the Rhine, 12 km northwest of Koblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. Th ...

blacksmith and metal sculptor Klaus Rudolf Werhand.Kunstschmiedehandwerk des Schülers Klaus Rudolf Werhand
(PDF; 138 kB) The estate of Carl Wyland is located in the

Museum für Angewandte Kunst (Cologne) The ''Museum für Angewandte Kunst Köln'' (German for "Museum of Applied Art"; MAKK) is a decorative arts museum in Cologne. The collections include jewellery, porcelain, furniture, weaponry and architectural exhibits. Until 1987 it was call ...

in Cologne.

Awards

* 1966

Bundesverdienstkreuz The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellect ...

1. KlasseWolfram Hagspiel: ''Köln. Marienburg. Bauten und Architekten eines Villenvororts.''

Works (selection)

* Gates of the

University of Bonn The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine U ...

Hauptportal Gericht, Aachen, Carl Wyland

* 1928-1929: window grills and mounts for the business house of cigarette factory Haus Neuerburg in

Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 m ...

Haus Neuerburg - Schriftzug und Fenstergitter (0135-37)

* Workings for the Villa Heinrich Neuerburg in Cologne-Marienburg in the style of Late Baroque * Features of a number of U.S. churches * Door unit with bars on the main building of the airport Köln-Butzweilerhof

Exhibitions (selection)

* ''EisenZeit'' – Solo exhibition at the Museum für angewandte Kunst in Cologne from 24 October to 7 December 1997

Literature

* Wolfram Hagspiel: ''Köln. Köln-Marienburg. Bauten und Architekten eines Villenvororts.'' (= ''Stadtspuren. Denkmäler in Köln.'' Band 8.) 2 Bände, J.P. Bachem Verlag, Köln 1996, , S. 966 f. * Barbara Maas: ''Eisenzeit/Iron Age: Der Kölner Kunstschmied Carl Wyland.'' Wasmuth, Köln 1997,

External links

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wyland, Carl 1886 births 1972 deaths Artists from Cologne People from the Rhine Province Metalsmiths German blacksmiths Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany