Carl Schiøtz (2 November 1877 – 20 September 1938) was a Norwegian physician and professor of

hygiene Hygiene is a series of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refer ...

and

bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classificat ...

at the

University of Oslo The University of Oslo ( no, Universitetet i Oslo; la, Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the highest ranked and oldest university in Norway. It is consistently ranked among the top universit ...

Biography

He was born in

Hamar Hamar is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake ...

, Norway. His parents were Jonas Schanche Kielland Schiøtz (1841-1901) and his wife Hanna Minda Constance Øvergaard. His brother was military officer Johannes Henrik Schiøtz (1884-1957). In 1906, he was married to Borghild Hannestad (1882-1952). After graduating in 1896 from

Hamar Cathedral School Hamar katedralskole ( en, Hamar Cathedral School) is an upper secondary school in Hamar, Norway. History Founded in 1153 as Schola cathedralis hamarensis, it is the second oldest school in Norway together with Bergen katedralskole and Oslo katedr ...

, he became a cand.med. in 1904 at the University of Kristiana From 1907 to 1914 he worked at

Nes The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan in 1983 as the commonly known as the The NES, a redesigned version, was released in American ...

Ringsaker is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedemarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Brumunddal. Other settlements in Ringsaker include the town of Moelv and the ...

. He moved to Kristiania (now Oslo) to work at the Rikshospitalet as a reserve doctor, university fellow and health inspector. In 1916, he became a doctor at the Freia Chocolate Factory. In 1918 he became Dr. med. with his dissertation on school children's weight ratios. Schiøtz conducted a number of comprehensive and significant studies on the schoolchildren's health and did much for the development of school hygiene. He is most known for composing what became known as the "

Oslo breakfast The Oslo breakfast was a type of uncooked school meal developed in the 1920s and rolled out as a free universal provision for Oslo school children in 1932. It typically consisted of bread, cheese, milk, half an apple and half an orange. The ori ...

" ( no, Oslofrokosten), served at all primary schools in

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population ...

. Oslofrokosten was introduced in school years 1929–1930 at some schools and in 1932 it was introduced at all Oslo schools. He was a professor of hygiene and bacteriology at the

from 1931, a position he had until his death in 1938. He was editor of the ''Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association'' from 1929, editor of ''Sundhetsbladet'' from 1927 to 1934 and founding editor of the magazine ''Liv og hälhed'' from 1934. From 1935 he was elected to membership in the

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ( no, Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway. History The Royal Frederick Unive ...

. He became a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog, Swedish

Order of the Polar Star The Royal Order of the Polar Star ( Swedish: ''Kungliga Nordstjärneorden'') is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Seraphim. The Order of t ...

and commander of the

Order of the White Rose of Finland The Order of the White Rose of Finland ( fi, Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; sv, Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. ...

Selected works

*''En undersøkelse av 10 000 norske skolebarn, særlig med hensyn til vekstforhold'' (1917, thesis)

References

External links

Schiøtz medalje for hygienisk forskning
(University of Oslo)
From poor law society to the welfare state: school meals in Norway 1890s–1950s
(University of Bergen) 1877 births 1938 deaths People from Hamar University of Oslo alumni Oslo University Hospital people Norwegian bacteriologists Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog Knights of the Order of the Polar Star Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters {{norway-academic-bio-stub