Carl Nebel

Carl Nebel (18 March 1805 – 4 June 1855) was a German engineer, architect and draughtsman,Thieme-Becker, entry "Nebel, Carl" best known for his detailed paintings and lithographic prints made from them of the Mexican landscape and people during the battles of the Mexican–American War.

Biography

Nebel was born in Altona, today a part of Hamburg. After studies in Hamburg and Paris, he travelled to America, where he was a resident of Mexico from 1829 until 1834. In 1836, he published in Paris his renowned illustrated work on that country—''Voyage pittoresque et archéologique dans la partie la plus intéressante du Méxique'', with 50 lithographs made from his paintings, twenty of which were hand-colored, and an introduction by Alexander von Humboldt.D. Sloan Rare Books: Auction 22:
Nebel, Carl, "Voyage pittoresque et archéologique dans la partie la plus intéressante du Mexique"
'. URL last accessed 2008-09-16.

In 1851, he published together with journalist George Wilkins Kendall some of his paintings of the events of the Mexican–American War in the book ''The War between the United States and Mexico Illustrated.'' Kendall had been a war correspondent and saw the opportunity to publish a major account of the war. The two came to an agreement to collaborate as the war was ending, Kendall having apparently been familiar with Nebel's earlier work. While Kendall went to Paris to cover events in 1848, Nebel remained in Mexico for an unknown length of time to complete the initial sketches for the book's illustrations. Nebel had returned to Hamburg, and Kendall chafed at the slowness of completion of the project, but it was completed in 1850 and published in 1851. The book contained twelve color lithographs done by Adolphe Jean-Baptiste Bayot and was printed by Joseph-Rose Lemercier, a leading lithographer. In both cases, Nebel's illustrations were enhanced by his making use of the newest printing developments in France, especially techniques for adding color to the prints. The prints from the Mexican war series were distributed in several different formats, as a single print, as a set of 12, a portfolio with text, and in the bound, folio-sized book.

The most famous in the Mexican war series is his depiction of General Winfield Scott's 1847 entry to the main square ''Zócalo'' of Mexico City, with the U.S. flag flying over the National Palace. It is almost identical to his illustration done a decade and a half before. The war scene Nebel presents is closer to the reality on the ground, where the conquering U.S. forces were not welcomed by the resident population, particularly by a street person (''lépero'') about to hurl a rock at the invaders. Although Kendall's text and Nebel's illustrations attempt to be true to the accounts of battle, there is no evidence that either one was at the Battle of Buena Vista, located in a remote part of northern Mexico. Kendall was a correspondent and saw the Battle of Molino del Rey, but Nebel was not. The battle is often not depicted in contemporary illustrations, but Nebel did two different views of it.Sandweiss et al., ''Eyewitness to War'', p. 317

Gallery

File:Tortilleras Nebel.jpg, ''Las Tortilleras''
File:Nebel Voyage 41 Indias de la Sierra.jpg, Sierra Indians
File:Nebel Voyage 11 Hacendero.jpg, ''The hacienda owner and his mayordomo''
File:Nebel Voyage 18 Mina de Veta Grande.jpg, Mina de Veta Grande
File:Palo Alto nebel.jpg, Battle of Palo Alto
File:Nebel Mexican War 02 Capture of Monterrey.jpg, Capture of Monterrey
File:Battle_of_Buena_Vista_Nebel.jpg, Battle of Buena Vista
File:Battle_of_Veracruz.jpg, Battle of Veracruz
File:Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo.jpg, Battle of Cerro Gordo
File:Battle_of_Contreras_1847.jpg, Battle of Contreras
File:Battle Churubusco.jpg, Battle of Churubusco
File:Battle_Molino_del_Rey.jpg, Battle of Molino del Rey
File:Nebel Mexican War 10 Chapultepec Pillow.jpg, Battle of Chapultepec, Pillow's actions
File:Nebel Mexican War 11 Chapultepec Quitman.jpg, Battle of Chapultepec, Quitman's actions

References

Further reading

*Aguilar Ochoa, "The Visual Adventures of an Itinerant Painter" in ''Artes de México''. No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 67–70.
*Diener, Pablo. "Picturesque Mexico" in ''Artes de México''. No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 74–77.
*López Luján, Leonardo. "Mesoamerican Archeology in Carl Nebel's Work" in ''Artes de México''. No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 70–74.
*Mayer, Roberto. "Bibliographic Curiosity" in ''Artes de México''. No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, p. 80.
*Orellana, Margarita de. "Views from Afar and from Up Close" in ''Artes de México''. No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, p. 66.
*Tyler, Ron. "A Great American Book: The War between the United States and Mexico, Illustrated" in ''Artes de México''. No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 77–80.

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nebel, Carl
1805 births
1855 deaths
19th-century German painters
German history painters
German male painters
German draughtsmen
German war artists
19th-century war artists
19th-century German male artists