Carl Junker (18 June 1827 – 17 May 1882) was an

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the l ...

and

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

. His construction projects include Miramare Castle in

Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...

and the

First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline The First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline (I. Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung) is a major part of Vienna's water supply and was the first source of safe drinking water for that city. The 95 km long line was opened on 24 October 1873, after fo ...

Life

Carl Junker was born as the son of a tenant farmer in 1827 in Saubersdorf in

Lower Austria Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...

. From 1842 to 1845 he studied at the Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute and became an engineer. Throughout his career he devoted himself mainly to the construction of aqueducts and water pipes. In 1847 he was involved in the construction of the

Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...

under Alois Negrelli. In 1855 he took over the plans for the construction of the aqueduct of Aurisina in Trieste. In 1856 he was instructed by archduke of

Maximilian I of Mexico Maximilian I (german: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, link=no, es, Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena, link=no; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who reigned as the only Emperor ...

, the brother of Emperor

Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the Grand title of the Emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg m ...

, with the construction of the Miramare Castle in Grignano near

. In 1860 he took over the supervision of a church in

Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (u ...

in present-day

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Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican ...

granted him the

Order of St. Gregory the Great The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great ( la, Ordo Sancti Gregorii Magni; it, Ordine di San Gregorio Magno) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope. The order is one of ...

for the project. Between 1860 and 1861 he was in charge of the construction of the aqueduct of the military arsenal in

Pula Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian language, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot language, Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene language, Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the List of cities and town ...

. In 1864 he worked on Vienna's Emperor Franz Joseph water supply system on the grounds of his experience in

hydrography Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary p ...

. He was the lead chief engineer in the design and construction management from the springs to the elevated tank at the Rosenhügel in

Hietzing Hietzing () is the 13th municipal District of Vienna (german: 13. Bezirk, Hietzing). It is located west of the central districts, west of Meidling. Hietzing is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings, but also contains lar ...

, the 13th municipal

District of Vienna A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

. Emperor Franz Joseph I awarded Junker the Order of Franz Joseph for his work on this project. Junker died in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

on 17 May 1882.

Key construction projects

* Miramare Castle near Trieste (1856–1860) *

(1865)

Publications

* Carl Junker (1873): ''Die Wasserversorgung der Stadt Wien'', in: R. Stadler, Wien * Carl Junker (1985): ''Projekt der Zuleitung des Recca Flusses von St. Canzian'', Trieste

References

* Junker Karl. In: ''Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950''. Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1965, p. 153 (Direct references on pages 153 and 154). {{DEFAULTSORT:Junker, Carl 1827 births 1882 deaths Austrian civil engineers 19th-century Austrian architects Engineers from the Austrian Empire Engineers from Austria-Hungary