Carl C. Johnson is an American retired

U.S. Army Air Force The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...

and U.S. Army officer, and former

Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...

Airport Commissioner and deputy director of the Pittsburgh International Airport. Johnson was the final

Tuskegee Airmen The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of primarily African American military pilots (fighter and bomber) and airmen who fought in World War II. They formed the 332d Fighter Group and the 477th Fighter Group, 477th Bombardment Group (Medium) of the ...

cadet pilot graduate.

Early life

Johnson was born in Bellaire, Ohio, on the border between

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

and

West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the Bur ...

near Wheeling, West Virginia. Though he grew up during

Jim Crow The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Other areas of the United States were affected by formal and informal policies of segregation as well, but many states outside the Sout ...

racial segregation Racial segregation is the systematic separation of people into race (human classification), racial or other Ethnicity, ethnic groups in daily life. Racial segregation can amount to the international crime of apartheid and a crimes against hum ...

, Johnson attended a racially integrated high school. Johnson attended

Ohio State University The Ohio State University, commonly called Ohio State or OSU, is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio. A member of the University System of Ohio, it has been ranked by major institutional rankings among the best publ ...

, where he studied in preparation to become a

dentist A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry (the diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the mouth, oral cavity and other aspects of the craniofaci ...

. After being discharged from active duty in the US Army Air Force in 1947, Johnson met his future wife, Nancy, when he resumed his studies at Ohio State University.

Military career

In 1945, Johnson was drafted into the

US Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...

. He was officially inducted into the US Army Air Force at

Fort Hayes Fort Hayes is a military post in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Created by an act of the United States Congress on July 11, 1862, the site was also known as the Columbus Arsenal until 1922, when the site was renamed after former Ohio Governor ...

Columbus, Ohio Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and t ...

. Initially, the USAAF assigned Johnson to bases in

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

and

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

. In early 1946, the USAAF admitted Johnson and 14 other African American draftees into its

Tuskegee Army Air Field Sharpe Field is a closed private use airport located northwest of the central business district of Tuskegee, a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States. This airport is privately owned by the Bradbury Family Partnership. Formerly known ...

aviation cadet program Class SE-45-I. Unaccustomed to rampant Jim Crow segregation common in the deep southern United States, Johnson, armed with a train ticket on the more luxurious

Pullman Porter Pullman porters were men hired to work for the railroads as porters on sleeping cars. Starting shortly after the American Civil War, George Pullman sought out former slaves to work on his sleeper cars. Their job was to carry passengers’ bagga ...

sleeping train car, was placed in a segregated coach seat behind the train’s hot engine, ending his trip to

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...

covered in soot. Johnson was also prohibited from the train’s dining car based on race. Johnson contracted appendicitis during training, and was unable to graduate with Class SE-45-I on January 29, 1946. Concerned that the USAAF would terminate him from the program with dozens of other aviation cadets, Johnson continued his training after a two-week convalescence and a weekend pass to

Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 ...

. Tuskegee aviation instructors had notified the commanding general that Johnson would be the program’s very last cadet. In October 1946, Johnson graduated from Tuskegee’s Class 46-C Twin Engine Section as the final aviation cadet, receiving his wings as a flight officer. After Johnson’s graduation, he was assigned to Enid Army Air Field in Oklahoma. He was then assigned to

Lockbourne AFB Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base is an Ohio Air National Guard installation located near Lockbourne in southern Franklin County. The base was named for the famous early aviator and Columbus native Eddie Rickenbacker. It is the home of t ...

, as a member of the

477th Bombardment Group 477th may refer to: * 477th Bombardment Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit *477th Fighter Group, the Air Force Reserve Command's first F-22A Raptor unit * 477th Tactical Fighter Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit See also ...

Composite’s 617th Bomber Squadron. In 1947 he was discharged. In 1947 while a student at Ohio State University, Johnson joined the

Ohio National Guard The Ohio National Guard comprises the Ohio Army National Guard and the Ohio Air National Guard. The commander-in-chief of the Ohio Army National Guard is the governor of the U.S. state of Ohio. If the Ohio Army National Guard is called to fede ...

as a member of its only African American unit. Johnson later returned to active duty service as a U.S. Army aviator during the

Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...

. During the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

, Johnson commanded a seven-company aviation battalion. He served as commander of a US Army Aviation Battalion in the Republic of South Korea. Johnson retired from the US Air Force with the rank of

colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

after 31 years in the U.S. military.

Post-military

After his retirement from the military, Johnson served at the Federal Aviation Administration and the US Department of Defense. He is former Cleveland, Ohio, airport commissioner and deputy director of the Pittsburgh International Airport. Johnson resides in the Potomac Green community of

Ashburn, Virginia Ashburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. At the 2010 United States Census, its population was 43,511, up from 3,393 twenty years earlier. It is northwest of Washington, D.C., and part of the Washingt ...

Awards and commendations

* Distinguished Flying Cross, Vietnam * Ten (10)

Air Medals The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight. Criteria The Air Medal was establish ...

Honors

* In 2007, Johnson and the collective Tuskegee Airmen received the Congressional Gold Medal. * On May 1, 2021, the town of

, the Loudoun County, Virginia Sheriff’s Office and several veterans organizations honored Johnson with a parade in celebration of his 95th birthday. * On August 14, 2021, Johnson was the only Documented Original Tuskegee Airman to attend the Tuskegee Airmen Association’s induction of US Air Force Chief of Staff General Charles Q. Brown as an honorary member. * On May 29, 2021, the American Legion Post 2001 honored the ailing Johnson with a battery powered wheelchair.Leonard W. Kidd Memorial - American Legion Post 2001 – Ashburn, Virginia. “A Tuskagee Airman Surprise.” Posted on May 30, 2020. Joreida Torres. http://ashburnlegion.org/tag/tuskagee-carl-johnson/

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Carl C. 1926 births Living people United States Air Force colonels Military personnel from Ohio Tuskegee Airmen United States Army Air Forces officers Recipients of the Air Medal Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) African-American aviators Congressional Gold Medal recipients World War II pilots Tuskegee University alumni American Vietnam War pilots United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War Korean War pilots United States Army personnel of the Korean War 21st-century African-American people People from Ashburn, Virginia