''Caristius'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

manefish Caristiidae, the manefishes, are a family of perciform fishes which today includes 19 extant species distributed in four genera. ''Chalcidichthys malacapterygius'' and ''Absalomichthys velifer'' are extinct species from the Upper Miocene of South ...

es native to the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

Ecology

A member of the genus ''Caristius'' associates with the

siphonophore Siphonophorae (from Greek ''siphōn'' 'tube' + ''pherein'' 'to bear') is an order within Hydrozoa, which is a class of marine organisms within the phylum Cnidaria. According to the World Register of Marine Species, the order contains 175 specie ...

Bathyphysa conifera ''Bathyphysa conifera'', sometimes called the flying spaghetti monster, is a bathypelagic species of siphonophore in the family Rhizophysidae. Name ''Bathyphysa conifera'' was nicknamed the Flying Spaghetti Monster, for the satirical deity ...

'', using it for shelter, stealing meals, and perhaps nibbling on its host as well, yet protecting it from

amphipod Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far descr ...

parasites Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted structurally to this way of lif ...

such as ''

Themisto In Greek mythology, Themisto (; Ancient Greek: Θεμιστώ) was a Thessalin princess as the daughter of King Hypseus of LapithsApollodorus, 1.9.2 and the naiad Chlidanope. Her name is derived from the Ancient Greek word: "θεμιστος" wh ...

''. This

symbiotic Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasit ...

relationship appears mutualistic.

Species

The currently recognized

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

in this genus are: * '' Caristius andriashevi'' Kukuev, Parin & Trunov, 2012Kukuev, E.I., Parin, N.V. & Trunov, I.A. (2012): Materials for the Revision of the Family Caristiidae (Perciformes). 2. Manefishes from the East Atlantic (Redescription of ''Platyberyx opalescens'' Zugmayer and Description of Two New Species ''Platyberyx mauli'' sp. n. and ''Caristius andriashevi'' sp. n.). ''Journal of Ichthyology, 52 (3): 185-199.'' * '' Caristius barsukovi'' Kukuev, Parin & Trunov, 2013Kukuev, E.I., Parin, N.V. & Trunov, I.A. (2013): Materials for the Revision of the Family Caristiidae (Perciformes): 3. Manefishes (Genus ''Caristius'') from Moderate Warm Waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with a Description of Three New Species from the Southeast Atlantic (''C. barsukovi'' sp.n., ''C. litvinovi'' sp.n., ''C. walvisensis'' sp. n.) . ''Journal of Ichthyology, 53 (8): 541-561.'' * '' Caristius digitus''

D. E. Stevenson Dorothy Emily Stevenson (18 November 1892 – 30 December 1973) was a best-selling Scottish writer. She published more than 40 "light romantic novels" over a span of more than 40 years. Life Stevenson was born in Melville Street, Edinburgh, ...

& Kenaley, 2013Stevenson, D.E. & Kenaley, C.P. (2013): Revision of the Manefish Genera ''Caristius'' and ''Platyberyx'' (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Caristiidae), with Descriptions of Five New Species. ''Copeia, 2013 (3): 415-434.'' * '' Caristius fasciatus'' (

Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...

, 1930) * '' Caristius japonicus'' T. N. Gill & H. M. Smith, 1905 * '' Caristius litvinovi'' Kukuev, Parin & Trunov, 2013 * '' Caristius macropus'' ( Bellotti, 1903) (Manefish) * '' Caristius meridionalis''

& Kenaley, 2013 * '' Caristius walvisensis'' Kukuev, Parin & Trunov, 2013

References

Caristiidae Marine fish genera Perciformes genera Taxa named by Theodore Gill Taxa named by Hugh McCormick Smith {{Perciformes-stub