Cardonald ( sco, Cardonal, gd, Cair Dhòmhnaill
) is an outlying suburb of the
Scottish
Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including:
*Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland
*Scottish English
*Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...
city of
Glasgow
Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
. Formerly a village in its own right, it lies to the southwest of the city and is bounded to the south by the
White Cart Water
The River Cart ( sco, River Cairt) is a tributary of the River Clyde, Scotland, which it joins from the west roughly midway between the towns of Erskine and Renfrew and opposite the town of Clydebank.
The River Cart itself is very short, being f ...
. The area was part of
Renfrewshire
Renfrewshire () ( sco, Renfrewshire; gd, Siorrachd Rinn Friù) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
Located in the west central Lowlands, it is one of three council areas contained within the boundaries of the historic county of Renfr ...
until 1926 when the villages of Cardonald,
Crookston,
Halfway
Halfway or Half Way may refer to:
Places Canada
*Halfway, New Brunswick, a community in Durham Parish
* Halfway, Ontario, a community in Madawaska Valley
Ireland
*Halfway, County Cork, a village in the Republic of Ireland
United Kingdom
* Halfwa ...
and their surrounding farmland were annexed to Glasgow.
History
In the 15th century the lands of Cardonald in
Renfrewshire
Renfrewshire () ( sco, Renfrewshire; gd, Siorrachd Rinn Friù) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
Located in the west central Lowlands, it is one of three council areas contained within the boundaries of the historic county of Renfr ...
were the property of Johannes Norwald or Normanville, Dominus of Cardownalde. His granddaughter and heiress, Marion Stewart (daughter of Isabella Norwald of Cardonald and Sir William Stewart of Castlemilk), married Allan Stewart, establishing the line of Stewarts of Cardonald. The Cardonald Stewarts were a junior branch of the
House of Stewart
The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a dynasty, royal house of Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland and later Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain. The family name comes from ...
. Allan Stewart of Cardonald, the first Stewart of Cardonald, was the younger son of
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox (before 14308 July/11 September 1495) was known as Lord Darnley and later as the Earl of Lennox.
Family
Stewart was the son of Catherine Seton and Alan Stewart of Darnley, a direct descendant of Alexander Stew ...
. The Cardonald Stewarts had their seat at the ''Place of Cardonald'' (also known as Cardonald Castle or Cardonald House), built in 1565. It was demolished and replaced by a farmhouse –
Cardonald Place Farm
Cardonald Place Farm is a farmhouse on the banks of the White Cart Water river in Cardonald, Glasgow, Scotland. It was built in 1848 on (or close to) the site occupied by the former Cardonald Palace.
Cardonald Castle was the seat of the Cardonal ...
– in 1848. A corn mill existed in Cardonald from around 1789 until it was demolished in 1958. The site of Cardonald Mill is now occupied by the houses on Lade Terrace.
The line of the Stewarts of Cardonald ended with Allan's great-grandson,
James Stewart of Cardonald
James Stewart of Cardonald (1512-1584) was a Scottish landowner and soldier.
His lands were at Cardonald, near Glasgow, and his principal home, the Place of Cardonald or Cardonald Castle on the banks of the River Cart has been demolished. There ...
(1512–1584). He had served as a captain in the Scottish Guards of the
Kings of France
France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.
Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first ...
, and is buried in
Paisley Abbey
Paisley Abbey is a parish church of the Church of Scotland on the east bank of the White Cart Water in the centre of the town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, about west of Glasgow, in Scotland. Its origins date from the 12th century, based on a for ...
. As he had no issue, the lands of Cardonald passed to his sister's son,
Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre
Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre (died 8 March 1617) was a Scottish politician, administrator, and judge.
Life
He was the son of John Stewart of Minto, Sir John Stewart of Minto, Scottish Borders, Minto and Margaret Stewart sister of James Stew ...
. His family resided at the Place of Cardonald for generations, and retained lands in Cardonald until the 20th century. With the death of the 12th Lord Blantyre in 1900, his estates passed to his grandson, William Arthur Baird.
![Highrise flats in Cardonald in 2009](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Highrise_flats_in_Cardonald_in_2009.jpg)
The transformation of Cardonald from a rural to an urban community was largely brought about by the coming of the
railway
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
and the
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
in the 19th century. The first railway to reach Cardonald was the
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway
The Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway (GP&GR) was an early Scottish railway, opened in 1841, providing train services between Greenock and Glasgow. At the time the River Clyde was not accessible to sea-going ships, and the intention was to c ...
, with a station (then known as Moss Road station) opening on Berryknowes Road in 1843. However, due to poor traffic returns, this station was closed in 1845. In 1879, the present day
Cardonald railway station
, symbol_location = gb
, symbol = rail
, image = Cardonald Railway Station 01.jpg
, caption = Looking east towards in 2008, before installation of a third track between the existing two.
, borough ...
opened on the same site. The siting of this station influenced the building of the terrace of houses at Hillington Park Circus and the large country houses of Dalveon and Turnberry on Berryknowes Road, along with the terraced houses in Kingsland and Queensland Drive. There was also the lodge house on Berryknowes road next to Dalveon house which was part of the estate (now Craigton cemetery) that contained Cruickston Hall (now the site of the new Lourdes Primary School) and Craigton House.
![Muirdrum Avenue (geograph 4651344)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Muirdrum_Avenue_%28geograph_4651344%29.jpg)
With the arrival of the electric tram in 1903, the growth of Cardonald began in earnest along the stretch of Paisley Road West between the little villages of Cardonald and Halfway, with the building of Cardonald Police station (1905) and Nazareth House (1906). In 1926,
Glasgow Corporation
The politics of Glasgow, Scotland's largest city by population, are expressed in the deliberations and decisions of Glasgow City Council, in elections to the council, the Scottish Parliament and the UK Parliament.
Local government
As one of ...
bought the Cardonald estates from William Arthur Baird. The final upsurge in house building in the area took place from 1931, when most of the existing farm land disappeared, with the building of the North Cardonald and South Cardonald houses by the ''Western Heritable Investment Company'' after 1935. North Cardonald was mostly made up of owner-occupied houses and council homes owned by Glasgow Corporation (the predecessor to Glasgow City Council), while South Cardonald was mostly composed of owner-occupied and privately rented cottage flats. The 1930s also saw the building of two cinemas in the area, The Westway (1934-1960) and the Aldwych/Vogue (1938-1964). The Westway later became the Flamingo ballroom, and was then a bingo hall until its demolition in 2003. The Vogue was demolished in 1964 and replaced by a supermarket.
In the 1950s, the Corporation erected the UK's first high-rise flats in the area. Although only 10 storeys high, the Moss Heights flats were the first of many high-rise blocks to be built in Glasgow. They were revolutionary in the fact that their heating system was supplied from a central coal-fired boiler house. They have been renovated and survive well into the 21st century, unlike other developments constructed in later decades.
Education
![Cardonald College-by-Chris-Upson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Cardonald_College-by-Chris-Upson.jpg)
The first school in the vicinity of Cardonald was established at
Halfway
Halfway or Half Way may refer to:
Places Canada
*Halfway, New Brunswick, a community in Durham Parish
* Halfway, Ontario, a community in Madawaska Valley
Ireland
*Halfway, County Cork, a village in the Republic of Ireland
United Kingdom
* Halfwa ...
in 1790, by a local blacksmith who taught the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. In 1860, Cardonald School was established when a school building and teacher's house were built at the corner of Paisley Road West and Lammermoor Avenue. The two-roomed, single-storey school building was extended in 1899 with the addition of a second storey, and was further extended in 1911.
Cardonald School remained the only school in the area until the 1930s when Lourdes Primary School and Angus Oval Primary School were built. Cardonald School transferred to the new building (built on the site of the former Angus Oval Primary School) in 1965. NB Angus Oval had acted as an annexe for Cardonald Primary for some years - handling Primaries 1 and 2 until around 1963. The old Cardonald School building on Paisley Rd. West was used as a careers office and for a number of other uses, before being demolished in 2003.
In the heart of north Cardonald was Belses Primary school. Sited on Belses Drive at the junction of Kingsland Drive. This was an annexe for the larger Hillington Primary school.
After this wooden school was demolished a new school was built on the existing playing field at Hallrule drive. The
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
Lourdes Secondary School
Lourdes Secondary School, established in 1956, is a school in the south-west of Glasgow which serves a large catchment area, including the communities of Cardonald, Craigton, Crookston, Drumoyne, Govan, Hillington, Ibrox, Kinning Park, Mosspa ...
was opened in 1956.
Cardonald College
Cardonald College was a medium-sized Further education institute located in Glasgow's South Side, in Scotland. Officially opened in 1972, it had over 12,000 full-time and part-time students. Cardonald College merged with Anniesland College and ...
, one of Scotland's largest
further education
Further education (often abbreviated FE) in the United Kingdom and Ireland is education in addition to that received at secondary school, that is distinct from the higher education (HE) offered in universities and other academic institutions. I ...
colleges, opened in 1972. It merged with
Anniesland College
Anniesland College was a small, local further education college in Glasgow, Scotland, established in 1964.
The college had seven schools, offering a range of courses and levels of study, full-time, part-time or flexibly. This new building is a ...
and
Langside College
Langside College was a further and higher education college located in the Mount Florida / Battlefield region of Glasgow.
It was established in 1947 and enrols over 5,000 students every year of whom many are from countries outwith the European U ...
in August 2013 to form
Glasgow Clyde College
Glasgow Clyde College is a further and higher education college, located in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It was created following the mergers of Anniesland College, Cardonald College and Langside College in August 2013.
Merger timeline
On 17 N ...
, and was renamed Cardonald Campus.
Religion
The oldest church in the area is
Cardonald Parish Church (
Church of Scotland
The Church of Scotland ( sco, The Kirk o Scotland; gd, Eaglais na h-Alba) is the national church in Scotland.
The Church of Scotland was principally shaped by John Knox, in the Scottish Reformation, Reformation of 1560, when it split from t ...
), which was built at the corner of Paisley Road West and Cardonald Place Road on a plot of ground which was donated by
Lord Blantyre
Lord Blantyre was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1606 for the politician Walter Stewart. The lordship was named for Blantyre Priory in Lanarkshire, where Walter Stewart had been commendator. The main residences associated ...
. The red
sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks.
Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) ...
church, designed by Peter Macgregor Chalmers, was built 1887-1889 and was dedicated in February 1889. The west wing was added in 1899 and the east wing in 1925, while the church halls were built in 1940.
![Cardonald Parish Church - geograph](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Cardonald_Parish_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1188934.jpg)
Hillington Park Parish Church (
Church of Scotland
The Church of Scotland ( sco, The Kirk o Scotland; gd, Eaglais na h-Alba) is the national church in Scotland.
The Church of Scotland was principally shaped by John Knox, in the Scottish Reformation, Reformation of 1560, when it split from t ...
) was originally called “Cardonald United Free Church”, with the current church hall on Berryknowes Road being built as a parish church of the
United Free Church of Scotland
The United Free Church of Scotland (UF Church; gd, An Eaglais Shaor Aonaichte, sco, The Unitit Free Kirk o Scotland) is a Scottish Presbyterian denomination formed in 1900 by the union of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (or UP) and ...
in 1908. The
harl
Harling is a rough-cast wall finish consisting of lime and aggregate, known for its rough texture. Many castles and other buildings in Scotland and Ulster have walls finished with harling. It is also used on contemporary buildings, where it pr ...
ed red sandstone church was built 1924-1925. With the union of the United Free Church and the Church of Scotland in 1929, the church was renamed as Hillington Park Parish Church.
The local
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
church, Our Lady of Lourdes, was designed by Stellmacs Ltd and built 1937-1939. This church, which opened in May 1939, replaced an earlier small chapel which had been built on the site in 1922. The local Catholic community had originally met in Maryland House and then from 1906 in the chapel of Nazareth House.
The Church of the Good Shepherd (
Scottish Episcopal Church
The Scottish Episcopal Church ( gd, Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba; sco, Scots Episcopal(ian) Kirk) is the ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Communion in Scotland.
A continuation of the Church of Scotland as intended by King James VI, and ...
) on Hillington Road was designed by Noad & Wallace and was built 1939-1940. Before this church was built, the congregation, which was formed in 1938, had met in a shop at 2222 Paisley Road West.
Amenities
![Cardonald Bowling Club, Glasgow (geograph 3522945)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Cardonald_Bowling_Club%2C_Glasgow_%28geograph_3522945%29.jpg)
Cardonald Bowling Club was established in 1914 and is a popular club within the area.
History
Cardonald Bowling Club
Transport
The district is served by Cardonald railway station
, symbol_location = gb
, symbol = rail
, image = Cardonald Railway Station 01.jpg
, caption = Looking east towards in 2008, before installation of a third track between the existing two.
, borough ...
on the Inverclyde Line
The Inverclyde Line is a railway line running from Glasgow Central station through Paisley (Gilmour Street) and a series of stations to the south of the River Clyde and the Firth of Clyde, terminating at Gourock and Wemyss Bay, where it connect ...
and by Mosspark railway station
, symbol_location = gb
, symbol = rail
, image = Mosspark railway station, looking WNW - geograph.org.uk - 2562583.jpg
, caption = Mosspark station in 2011.
, borough = Pollok and Cardo ...
on the Paisley Canal line, as well as numerous bus routes. There is also easy access to the Clyde Tunnel
The Clyde Tunnel is a crossing beneath the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland for road traffic, cyclists and pedestrians. Two parallel tunnel tubes connect the districts of Whiteinch to the north and Govan to the south in the west of the city.
Hi ...
and the M8 motorway via Junction 25.
The number 9 and 9A buses (First Bus) and 38 (McGills) pass regularly along Paisley Road West. There are around ten buses per hour during peak times, and around four buses per hour early morning and in the evenings and on Sundays.
See also
* Glasgow tower blocks
Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, has several distinct styles of residential buildings, and since its population began to grow rapidly the 18th century has been at the forefront of some large-scale projects to deal with its housing issues, ...
References
{{Authority control
Areas of Glasgow