The Carbonária was originally an anti-clerical, revolutionary, conspiratorial society, originally established in

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

in 1822 and soon disbanded. It was allied with the Italian Carbonari. A new organization of the same name and claiming to be its continuation was founded in 1896 by Artur Augusto Duarte da Luz de Almeida. This organization agitated against the monarchy and was involved in various anti-monarchist conspiracies. Its operational units, structured into a hierarchy of ''barracas'', ''choças'' and ''vendas'', received military training. On 1 February, 1908 King Carlos I of Portugal and his eldest son and heir Luis Filipe were assassinated by

Alfredo Luís da Costa Alfredo Luís da Costa (24 November 1883 – 1 February 1908) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese publicist, editor, journalist, shop assistant and salesman who was part of the Portuguese Carbonária and a Freemasonry, Mason, best remembered for be ...

and

Manuel Buíça Manuel dos Reis da Silva Buíça (31 December 1875 – 1 February 1908) was a Portuguese schoolteacher and soldier involved in the regicide of King Carlos I of Portugal and Prince Royal, Luís Filipe, during the events that became known as the Li ...

in a conspiracy involving the Carbonária.Chapter 22 Portugal under the Nineteenth-Century Constitutional Monarchy
Stanley G. Payne, A History of Spain and Portugal, Vol. 2 By 1910 the Carbonária had some 40,000 members and was instrumental in the Republican

5 October 1910 revolution The 5 October 1910 revolution was the overthrow of the centuries-old Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a ''coup d'état'' organized by the Portuguese Republican Party. By 1910, the K ...

References

Anti-Catholicism in Portugal Carbonari Anti-clericalism 1822 establishments in Portugal {{poli-org-stub

See also

References