The Caproni Ca.5 was an Italian heavy bomber of World War I and the postwar era. It was the final version of the series of aircraft that began with the Caproni Ca.1 in 1914.

Development

By late World War I, developments in aircraft technology made older bomber designs unable to penetrate targets defended by modern fighters. Caproni's response to this problem was to significantly uprate the power on the existing Ca.3 design, with some versions of the Ca.5 eventually carrying engines with nearly five times the total power that the first Ca.1 had. Apart from greater power, various refinements were made to the design, including modifications to the main nacelle and

undercarriage Undercarriage is the part of a moving vehicle that is underneath the main body of the vehicle. The term originally applied to this part of a horse-drawn carriage, and usage has since broadened to include: *The landing gear of an aircraft. *The ch ...

, and completely new wings. The first prototype flew in late

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and the type remained in production until

1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...

. Some 659 of all versions were built by Caproni, and another three were licence-built in the US (two Ca.44s by Standard, and one Ca.46 by Fisher). Planned licensed production in France was cancelled with the end of the war. During the war, Caproni designated these aircraft according to the total power of their engines. Afterwards, the company redesignated them.

Design

The Ca.5 was a three-engine

biplane A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While ...

of a wooden construction, covered with fabric. The crew of four was placed in an open central nacelle (front gunner, two pilots and rear gunner-mechanic). The rear gunner manned upper machine guns, standing upon the central engine in a protective "cage", just before a propeller. Armament consisted of two to four Revelli 6.5 mm or 7.7 mm machine guns, one on a front ring mount and one, two or sometimes even three on an upper ring mount. Bombs were suspended under the hull.

Variants

* Ca.44 - main production version, originally powered by three Fiat A.12 engines of 149 kW (200 hp) each, hence the name Caproni 600 hp. Later, the A-12''bis'' was used, and aircraft so equipped were known as Caproni 600/900 hps * Ca.45 - variant selected for French service, powered by three

Isotta Fraschini V.6 The Isotta Fraschini V.6 was an Italian six-cylinder, water-cooled, in-line piston aero engine of the late World War I period, the "V" denoted "Volo" or "flight".Gunston 1989, p. 82. Its construction was fairly typical of contemporary aircraft e ...

s of 186 kW (250 hp) each. (Caproni 600/750 hp, or simply Caproni 750 hp) * Ca.46 - late-war variant with three 269 kW (360 hp) Liberty engines. * Ca.47 - (or I.Ca) seaplane version of Ca.44 (ten built) * Ca.50 - Ca.44s modified as air ambulances * Ca.57 - (or Breda M-1) -

airliner An airliner is a type of aircraft for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an ...

conversion of war-surplus Ca.44s.

Operators

; * Corpo Aeronautico Militare ; * United States Navy

Specifications (Ca.44)

Bibliography