The Almo Collegio Capranica is the oldest

Roman college The Roman College ( la, Collegium Romanum, it, Collegio Romano) was a school established by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1551, just 11 years after he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It quickly grew to include classes from elementary school t ...

, founded in 1457 by Cardinal

Domenico Capranica Domenico Capranica (1400 – 14 July 1458) was an Italian theologian, canonist, statesman, and Cardinal. Life Cardinal Capranica was born in Capranica Prenestina. His younger brother, Angelo, also became a cardinal. After studies in canon an ...

(1400–1458) in his own palace for thirty young clerics, who received an education suitable to prepare them for the priesthood.

History

Antoniazzo Romano fresco - Madonna with child and saints

The Capranica College is located in the Piazza Capranica, in the Colonna district. The Capranica family made their fortunes under

Pope Martin V Pope Martin V ( la, Martinus V; it, Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. Hi ...

(Oddone Colonna). Domenico Capranica (1400-1458), was a cardinal and a humanist. Upon the death of Martin V, conflict arose between the rival Colonna and Orsini families. Capranica, who was often away on assignments for the papacy, found his home stripped and decided to build a new one.Bongiovanni, Maria Beatrice. "Capranica family and his Roman palace", ''Telematic Bulletin of Art'', November 14, 2013
/ref> Around 1449 Cardinal Domenico Capranica began construction of his palace by buying some houses near the parish church of St. Mary in Aquiro, in the square that now bears his name. Among the buildings acquired there was a chapel, which tradition says was built on the site of the birthplace of St. Agnes, who would have suffered martyrdom in the nearby stadium of Domitian. He founded the college in January 1457, with the aim of offering the opportunity of a proper education for the priesthood to young poor of the city of Rome. He opened it in his own palace for thirty-one poor scholars, sixteen in theology and the liberal arts, and fifteen in canon law. In this he anticipated by more than a century the establishment of "seminaries" decreed by the Council of Trent. The institution was the first of its kind in Rome; initially reserved for young Romans, it later extended hospitality to students from other Italian regions and of different nationalities. Capranica himself drew up their rules and presented the college with his own library, the more valuable portion of which was later transferred to the Vatican. The curriculum included the study of Aristotle and Aquinas. It was expected that over the holidays, students would gain experience by serving in the cathedral or in other local churches. When the Constable de Bourbon laid siege to Rome in 1527, the Capranica students were among the few defenders of the Porta di S. Spirito, and all of them with their rector died when Rome was breached. The word "Almo" ("who gives life") in the title remembers them. The rector, according to the university custom of those days, was elected by the students and was always one of them until

Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667. He began his career as a vice- papal legate, an ...

decided that the rector should be appointed by the protectors of the college. In 1971

Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his ...

instituted an Episcopal Commission, composed of three former students, a cardinal and two bishops to direct the seminary. After the French Revolution, the college was re-established in 1807; the number of free students was reduced to 13, but paying students were admitted. The College was closed from 1798 to 1807, during the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kin ...

. Currently, the college has about fifty students, primarily from dioceses in Italy. There are also Orthodox pupils and students from Eastern Catholic Churches. Some students are preparing for the priesthood, others, already priests, continue their postgraduate studies. Typically a Capranica student enters the College during the years of preparation for ordination and remains there until the completion of his specialization. The college's patroness is

St. Agnes Agnes of Rome () is a virgin martyr, venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Churches. St. Agnes is one of several virgin martyrs comm ...

Building

The original one-story building probably had the workshops on the ground floor, with the living quarters and state rooms on the main floor. After the death of Domenico in 1458, his brother

Angelo Angelo is an Italian masculine given name and surname meaning "angel", or "messenger". People People with the given name *Angelo Accattino (born 1966), Italian prelate of the Catholic Church *Angelo Acciaioli (bishop) (1298–1357), Italian Rom ...

, also a cardinal, enlarged the palace, but reserved part of the building for the family, who later created a

theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...

from existing family apartments without changing the exterior of the building. The facade facing the square, is covered with light plaster and is characterized by the presence of the square tower, ending with a loggia that opens to the outside with two arched windows on each side. The current façade is not the original one but the result of renovations mainly in seventeenth century, during which as additional floor was added.

Chapel of St. Agnes

This chapel is commonly believed to be the oldest place of worship dedicated to the martyr. The main chapel of the College, dedicated to St. Agnes, was restored in 1954 in neo-Renaissance style. The walls are covered with polychrome marble and decorated with a double cornice. The semicircular apse contains Antoniazzo Romano's fresco of '' Madonna with Child, a holy bishop and St. Agnes''. Stained glass windows depict St. Gregory the Great, St. Augustine, St. Jerome and St. Ambrose. The pipe organ is a Mascioni (Opus 696) manufactured in 1953.

Alumni

The Capranica has produced many notable ecclesiastics, including Popes

Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV (Latin: ''Benedictus XV''; it, Benedetto XV), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, name=, group= (; 21 November 185422 January 1922), was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His ...

and

Pius XII Pius ( , ) Latin for "pious", is a masculine given name. Its feminine form is Pia. It may refer to: People Popes * Pope Pius (disambiguation) * Antipope Pius XIII (1918-2009), who led the breakaway True Catholic Church sect Given name * Pius B ...

, numerous cardinals, and Blessed Luigi Novarese File:CoA Benedetto XV.svg, Pope

(Born Giacomo della Chiesa,1854-1922),

Pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

from 3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922 File:C o a Pius XII.svg,

Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII ( it, Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (; 2 March 18769 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his e ...

(Born Eugenio Pacelli, 1872-1958),

from 2 March 1939 to 9 October 1958 File:COA of Cardinal Bafrtolomeo Bacilieri 2.svg, Cardinal

Bartolomeo Bacilieri Bartolomeo Bacilieri (28 March 1842 – 14 February 1923) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Verona from 1900 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1901. Biography Bartolomeo Bacil ...

(1842–1923) Bishop of Verona (1900-1923) File:Coat of arms of Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro.svg, Cardinal

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del Tindaro (1843–1913)

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(1887-1903) File:Coat of arms of Niccolò Marini.svg, Cardinal Niccolò Marini (1843-1923) Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches File:Coat of arms of Aristide Rinaldini.svg, Cardinal

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(1844-1920)

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File:Coat of arms of Camillo Laurenti.svg, Cardinal

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(1861-1938) Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Religious of the

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File:Coat of arms of Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani.svg, Cardinal

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(1874-1961)

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(1939-1961) File:Coat of arms of Luigi Maglione.svg, Cardinal

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(1877-1944),

(1939-1944) File:Coat of arms of Enrico Dante.svg, Cardinal

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(1884-1967)

Master Master or masters may refer to: Ranks or titles * Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans *Grandmaster (chess), National Master ...

of Pontifical Ceremonies (1947-1967) File:Coat of arms of Clemente Micara.svg, Cardinal

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(1879—1965) Pro-Prefect of the Sacred

Congregation of Rites The Sacred Congregation of Rites was a congregation of the Roman Curia, erected on 22 January 1588 by Pope Sixtus V by '' Immensa Aeterni Dei''; it had its functions reassigned by Pope Paul VI on 8 May 1969. The Congregation was charged with the ...

(1950-1953) File:Coat of arms of Benedetto Aloisi Masella.svg, Cardinal

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(1954-1968) File:Coat of arms of Luigi Traglia.svg, Cardinal

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(1895-1977)

Cardinal Vicar it, Vicario Generale di Sua Santità , unofficial_names = Cardinal Vicar , insignia = Coat of arms Holy See.svg , insigniasize = 75px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms of the Diocese of Rome , image = AngeloDeDonatis.jpg , incumbent = Angel ...

of Rome (1965-1968) File:COA Cardinal Guido Del Mestri.svg, Cardinal Guido Del Mestri (1911-1993) Nuncio Apostolico to West Germany (1975-1984) File:Coat of arms of Domenico Bartolucci.svg, Cardinal

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(1917- ) Director of the

Sistine Chapel Choir The Sistine Chapel Choir, as it is generally called in English, or officially the Coro della Cappella Musicale Pontificia Sistina in Italian, is the Pope's personal choir. It performs at papal functions in the Sistine Chapel and in any other churc ...

(1956- ) File:Coat of arms of Lorenzo Antonetti.svg, Cardinal

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(1922- ) President of

Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APSA; it, Amministrazione del Patrimonio della Sede Apostolica, link=no) is the office of the Roman Curia that deals with the "provisions owned by the Holy See in order to provide the fun ...

File:Coat of arms of Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo.svg, Cardinal

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(1925- ), Archpriest of the

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls The Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls ( it, Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura), commonly known as Saint Paul's Outside the Walls, is one of Rome's four major papal basilicas, along with the basilicas of Saint John in the ...

File:Coat of arms of Mario Francesco Pompedda.svg, Cardinal

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(1929-2006), Prefect of the

Apostolic Signatura The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura () is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church (apart from the pope himself, who as supreme ecclesiastical judge is the final point of appeal for any ecclesiastical judgment). In additio ...

File:Coat of arms of Aloysius Ambrozic.svg, Cardinal

Aloysius Ambrozic Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic (born Alojzij Matej Ambrožič; January 27, 1930 – August 26, 2011) was a Roman Catholic cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto, Archbishop of Toronto. He was made a cardinal on ...

(1930- ) Archbishop of

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(1990-2007) File:Coat of arms of Sergio Sebastiani.svg, Cardinal

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(1931- ), President of

Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See was an office (a technical category of dicastery) of the Roman Curia, erected on 15 August 1967, and entrusted with overseeing all the offices of the Holy See that manage finances, regardle ...

(1997-2008) File:Coat of arms of Renato Martino.svg, Cardinal

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(1932- ), President of the

Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (''Justitia et Pax'') was a pontifical council of the Roman Curia dedicated to "action-oriented studies" for the international promotion of justice, peace, and human rights from the perspective of the ...

(2002-2009) File:Coat of arms of Camillo Ruini.svg, Cardinal

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(1932- ) Vicar of the Diocesis of Rome (1991–2008), President of the

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(1991– 2007) File:Coat of arms of Paolo Romeo.svg, Cardinal

Paolo Romeo Paolo Romeo (born 20 February 1938) is a cardinal and archbishop emeritus of Palermo. He was appointed to the see of Palermo by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 December 2006. Romeo was the fifth of nine children. After primary school he entered the sem ...

(1938- ), Archbishop of

Palermo Palermo ( , ; scn, Palermu , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan ...

(2007- ) File:Coat of arms of Antonio Buoncristiani.svg, Archbishop

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, archbishop of

Siena Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...

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and

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(2001-) File:Coat of arms of Mgr Roland Minnerath.svg, Archbishop Roland Minnerath, Archbishop of

Dijon Dijon (, , ) (dated) * it, Digione * la, Diviō or * lmo, Digion is the prefecture of the Côte-d'Or department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in northeastern France. the commune had a population of 156,920. The earlies ...

(2004- ) File:Coat of arms of Renato Boccardo.svg, Archbishop Renato Boccardo, Archbishop of

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and

Norcia Norcia (), traditionally known in English by its Latin name of Nursia (), is a town and comune in the province of Perugia (Italy) in southeastern Umbria. Unlike many ancient towns, it is located in a wide plain abutting the Monti Sibillini, a su ...

(2009-) File:Coat of arms of Rino Fisichella.svg, Archbishop

Rino Fisichella Salvatore Fisichella (born 25 August 1951), commonly known as Rino Fisichella, is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church with the rank of archbishop. He is the current Pro-prefect for the Section of New Evangelization of the Dicastery ...

, President of the

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(2010-) File:Coat of arms of Francesco Alfano.svg, Archbishop

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, Archbishop of Sorrento-Castellammare di Stabia (2012-) File:Coat of arms of Domenico Sorrentino.svg, Archbishop

Domenico Sorrentino Domenico Sorrentino (born 16 May 1948) is an Italian Catholic prelate and the current Bishop of Assisi-Nocera Umbra-Gualdo Tadino since his appointment in 2005. Biography He was born at Boscoreale, near Torre Annunziata and Pompei, outside N ...

, Bishop of

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and

(2005- ) File:Coat of arms of Michele Pennisi.svg, Archbishop

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(1946-) Archbishop of

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(2013-) File:Coat of arms of Piero Pioppo.svg, Archbishop Piero Pioppo, Nuncio to

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and Equatorial Guinee (2010- ) File:Coat of arms of Filippo Santoro.svg, Bishop

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(1948-), Archbishop of

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(2011- ) File:COA Diocese of Terni-Narni-Amelia (Bishop Franco Gualdrini).svg, Bishop

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(1923-2010) Bishop of

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and Amelia (1983-2000) File:Coat of arms of Mansueto Bianchi.svg, Bishop

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, Bishop of

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(2000-2006) and

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(2006- ). File:Stemma Vescovo Paolo Gillet.svg, Bishop Paolo Gillet, (1929- ) Auxiliary Bishop of Albano (1993-2005) File:Coat of arms of Giuseppe Orlandoni.svg, Bishop Giuseppe Orlandoni, (1939- ) Bishop of

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(1997- ) File:Coat of arms of Richard Grecco.svg, Bishop

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(1946-) bishop of

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(2009-) File:Coat of arms of Mariano Crociata.svg, Mons.

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(1953-) bishop of

Noto Noto ( scn, Notu; la, Netum) is a city and in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. It is southwest of the city of Syracuse at the foot of the Iblean Mountains. It lends its name to the surrounding area Val di Noto. In 2002 Noto and i ...

, secretary general of the Italian Bishops Conference (2008-) File:Coat of arms of Frederick Joseph Colli.svg, Bishop Frederick Colli (1949-) bishop of

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(1999-) File:Coat of arms of Fausto Tardelli.svg, Bishop Fausto Tardelli (1951 - ), Bishop of

San Miniato San Miniato is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Pisa, in the region of Tuscany, Italy. San Miniato sits at an historically strategic location atop three small hills where it dominates the lower Arno valley, between the valleys of Ego ...

(2004- ) File:Coat of arms of Claudio Maniago.svg, Bishop

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(1959-), Auxiliary bishop of

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

(2003-) File:Coat of arms of Vincenzo Apicella.svg, Bishop

Vincenzo Apicella Vincenzo is an Italian male given name, derived from the Latin name Vincentius (the verb ''vincere'' means to win or to conquer). Notable people with the name include: Art * Vincenzo Amato (born 1966), Italian actor and sculptor *Vincenzo Bell ...

, Bishop of Velletri-Segni (2006-) * Card

Pietro Pavan Pietro Pavan (30 August 1903 - 26 December 1994) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church from 1985 until his death in 1994. He was appointed by John Paul II on 25 May 1985. He helped draft the papal encyclical ''Pacem in terris ...

(1903–1994) * Card

Antonio Vico Antonio Vico may refer to: * Antonio Vico (cardinal) (1847–1929), cardinal of the Catholic Church *Antonio Vico y Pintos Antonio Vico Pinto (3 December 1840 - 8 March 1940) was a Spanish stage actor. Family provenance Antonio Vico Pinto was bor ...

(1847–1929) * Card

Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella (3 August 1840 – 24 November 1910) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Latin Patriarch of Constantinople from 1889 until 1901. Biography Sanminiatelli Zab ...

(1840 — 1910) * Arch Alfonso Carinci (1862–1963) Secretary S.C. dei Riti (1945–1960) Rector of the Capranica (1911–1930)

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