Cape Martian Reserve ( uk, Мис Мартьян), also known as Cape Martyan Reserve, is a nature reserve located on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, near the Ukrainian city of Yalta and the

Nikitsky Botanical Gardens Nikita Botanical Garden (russian: Никитский ботанический сад, ua, Нікітський ботанічний сад) is one of the oldest botanical gardens in Europe. It is located in Crimea, close to Yalta, by the shores ...

. Established to protect its unique ecosystem and biodiversity, the reserve is home to many plant and animal species, some of which are specific to the Mediterranean climate of the region. Given its ecological importance, it plays a role in conservation and scientific research. Its picturesque landscapes overlooking the Black Sea also make it a point of interest for nature enthusiasts.

History

This reserve was established in 1973 by the decree of The Council of Ministers of the

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

of February 20, 1973 No. 84 on lands Nikitsky botanical garden. The area of the reserve is , including of land and in the adjoining Black Sea.

Geography

The area of allocation reserve is a region of complex and lengthy geological processes related with the deposition of sedimentary rocks (mostly of limestone) and with the raising of the crust. As a result, fragments of limestone from Nikita's chain broke away and dropped into the sea and formed Cape Martian. In orography this is a trail that is dissected by gullies, that stretch from Nikita's chain and dropped into the sea in some places (up to ). The reserve covers the lower part of trail to a height of above sea level.

Climate

The climate in reserve is warm and dry, because the north side is protected from cold winds by The Main ridge with the height above sea level. Summers are hot and dry, and winters are mild and wet. The average annual temperature is , average July temperature – , February -- , that characterized by rather low amplitude of oscillations. The average annual rainfall is .

Environment

The reserve preserves typical natural landscapes and a diverse range of Mediterranean-type plants and animals. This is because it sits on the northern edge of the Mediterranean plant region. The reserve's waters are among the few areas on Crimea's southern coast that remain in their natural state, featuring typical seabed plant life.

Flora

The reserve has vegetation typical of the Crimean Mediterranean region. The main forests consist of

Downy Oak ''Quercus pubescens'', the downy oak or pubescent oak, is a species of white oak (genus ''Quercus'' sect. ''Quercus'') native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, from northern Spain (Pyrenees) east to the Crimea and the Caucasus. It is also fou ...

(''Quercus pubescens''), with some areas of Greek Juniper (''Juniperus excelsa'') and a few of ''

Pinus nigra ''Pinus nigra'', the Austrian pine or black pine, is a moderately variable species of pine, occurring across Southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula to the eastern Mediterranean, on the Anatolian peninsula of Turkey, Corsica and Cyprus, as wel ...

''. Due to the warm climate and adequate rainfall, the area also has the unique-to-Crimea evergreen,

Greek Strawberry Tree Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

(''Arbutus andrachne''), as well as shrubs like '' Cistus tauricus'', '' Ruscus aculeatus'', and '' Hedera taurica''

Important Bird Area

The reserve has been designated an

Important Bird Area An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) is an area identified using an internationally agreed set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations. IBA was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife Int ...

(IBA) by

BirdLife International BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds and their habitats. BirdLife International's priorities include preventing extinction of bird species, identifying and safeguarding ...

because it supports a population of

great cormorant The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), known as the black shag in New Zealand and formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and the large cormorant in India, is a w ...

s on migration.

References

External links

Relic Vegetation of Cape Martian Reserve

Информация на сайта Украина Инкогнита

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20091028050734/http://www.delfin-tour.ru/direction/krim/podr-gorod/jal-dost/jal-mis.html Заповедник «Мыс Мартьян», Ялта {{Protected areas of Ukraine, state=expanded Tourist attractions in Crimea 1973 establishments in the Soviet Union Nature reserves in Russia Nature reserves in Ukraine Protected areas established in 1973 Important Bird Areas of Ukraine Geography of Crimea