Canthium coromandelicum near Hyderabad W IMG 7609

''Canthium'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...

. They are

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s and small

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s. The leaves are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

and the stems are usually thorny.

Distribution

''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

, especially in

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

and the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. A small number of species is found in

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

, and

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

. Only a limited number of species is found on the African continent, especially in

Southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, M ...

and

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

Taxonomy

''Canthium'' was named by

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biologi ...

in 1785 in

Encyclopédie Méthodique The ''Encyclopédie méthodique par ordre des matières'' ("Methodical Encyclopedia by Order of Subject Matter") was published between 1782 and 1832 by the French publisher Charles Joseph Panckoucke, his son-in-law Henri Agasse, and the latter's ...

. The

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal ...

is a latinisation of "kantankara", a

Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was des ...

from

Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...

for ''Canthium coromandelicum''. ''Kantan'' means "shining" and ''kara'' means "a spiny shrub". The

biological type In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the ...

for the genus consists of

specimen Specimen may refer to: Science and technology * Sample (material), a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount * Biological specimen or biospecimen, an organic specimen held by a biorepository ...

s originally described by

as ''Canthium parviflorum''''Canthium'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In:

Regnum Vegetabile The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is an organization established to promote an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitate international communication of research between botanists, and oversee matters of uniformity and ...

but this species is now included in ''

Canthium coromandelicum ''Canthium coromandelicum'' is a bushy thorny Suffruticosa, suffruticose herb, a native of India found mainly in the Coromandel Coast, Coromandel region. Description ''Canthium coromandelicum'' is a shrub, usually with opposite horizontal Thorn ...

''. ''Canthium'' is a member of

Vanguerieae Vanguerieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 655 species in 30 genera. It is one of the most species-rich groups within the family and it is distributed across the Paleotropics. Description Several diff ...

, a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

that is

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

and easily recognized morphologically, but in which

generic Generic or generics may refer to: In business * Generic term, a common name used for a range or class of similar things not protected by trademark * Generic brand, a brand for a product that does not have an associated brand or trademark, other ...

boundaries were, for a long time, very unclear. ''Canthium'' was especially problematic, and until the 1980s, it was defined broadly and known to be

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

. ''

Psydrax ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' was separated from it in 1985, as was ''

Keetia ''Keetia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of climbers or scrambling shrubs, rarely small trees. Distribution The genus has a wide distribution area and occurs in tropical and southern Africa. Taxonomy It was ...

'' in 1986. These were followed by ''

Pyrostria ''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotra), a few are ...

'' and '' Multidentia'' in 1987. The

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

Afrocanthium ''Afrocanthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of deciduous, unarmed trees, and shrubs. They are native to East Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa. Taxonomy ''Afrocanthium'' was first recognize ...

'' was raised to generic

rank Rank is the relative position, value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level, etc. of a person or object within a ranking, such as: Level or position in a hierarchical organization * Academic rank * Diplomatic rank * Hierarchy * H ...

in 2004, followed by '' Bullockia'' in 2009. A few species were transferred to ''Canthium'' from ''

Rytigynia ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...

'' and other genera in 2004. The genus was further reduced by the transfer of species to ''

Peponidium ''Peponidium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is endemic to Madagascar, except for '' Peponidium ovato-oblongum'' and '' Peponidium venulosum'' that are found on the Comoros, and '' Peponidium carinatum'' and ' ...

'' and ''

''. In 2016, two ''Canthium'' species endemic to the

were transferred to a genus of their own, '' Kanapia''. The final circumscription of ''Canthium'' will remain in doubt until

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

studies achieve greater

resolution Resolution(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Resolution (debate), the statement which is debated in policy debate * Resolution (law), a written motion adopted by a deliberative body * New Year's resolution, a commitment that an individual mak ...

for the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

containing ''

'' and its closest relatives.

Species

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

recognises the following species: * '' Canthium aciculatum''

Ridl. Henry Nicholas Ridley CMG (1911), MA (Oxon), FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. (10 December 1855 – 24 October 1956) was an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. He was instrumental in promoting rubber trees ...

* ''

Canthium angustifolium ''Canthium angustifolium'', with the common name narrow-leaved canthium, is native to southern tropical Asia. The large shrub is found in eastern India (including Assam), Bangladesh, and Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunc ...

Roxb. William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS (3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. ...

* '' Canthium arboreum'' Vidal * '' Canthium aurantiacum''

Merr. Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through ...

& L.M.Perry * ''

Canthium berberidifolium ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Geddes * '' Canthium bipinnatum'' (

Blanco Blanco (''white'' or ''blank'' in Spanish) or Los Blancos may refer to: People *Blanco (surname) Fictional characters *Blanco, a hobbit in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth *Blanco Webb, character in the BBC sitcom ''Porridge'' * El Blanco, albino ...

)

* ''

Canthium brunneum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...

'' (

)

* ''

Canthium calvum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Craib * ''

Canthium cambodianum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Pit. * '' Canthium campanulatum'' Thwaites * '' Canthium cavaleriei'' H.Lév. * '' Canthium ciliatum'' (D.Dietr.)

Kuntze Kuntze is a surname of German origin. People with that name include: * Carl Kuntze (1922-2006), Dutch rower who competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics * Edward J. Kuntze (1826-1870), Prussian-born American sculptor * Otto Kuntze (1843-1907), German ...

* '' Canthium coffeoides'' Pierre ex Pit. * '' Canthium congestiflorum''

* ''

Canthium cordatum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...

'' Dillwyn * ''

'' ( Brum.f.) Alston * ''

Canthium depressinerve ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

* '' Canthium ellipticum'' (

)

* ''

Canthium fenicis ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' (

)

* ''

Canthium ferrugineum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Craib * ''

Canthium filipendulum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...

'' Pierre ex Pit. * ''

Canthium fraternum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

Miq. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (24 October 1811 – 23 January 1871) was a Dutch botanist, whose main focus of study was on the flora of the Dutch East Indies. Early life Miquel was born in Neuenhaus and studied medicine at the University of Groni ...

* ''

Canthium glaucum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Hiern * ''

Canthium gracilipes ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Kurz * ''

Canthium hainanense ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' (

) Lantz * '' Canthium hirtellum''

* '' Canthium hispidonervosum'' ( De Wild.) C.M.Evrard * ''

Canthium horridulum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Craib * '' Canthium horridum'' Blume * ''

Canthium inerme ''Canthium inerme'' (Turkey-berry) is a tough, adaptable medium-sized tree from South Africa. It bears small edible fruits and has a variety of uses in traditional medicine. Name The Latin species name of this plant, ''"inerme"'', actually means ...

'' ( L.f.)

* ''

Canthium korthalsianum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

* ''

Canthium kuntzeanum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Bridson * ''

Canthium laeve ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Teijsm. & Binn. * '' Canthium lasianthoides''

* ''

Canthium libericum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Dinkl. * '' Canthium longipes'' Geddes * '' Canthium lucidum'' R.Br. * ''

Canthium macrocarpum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Thwaites * ''

Canthium malayense ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' K.M.Wong * ''

Canthium megacarpum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' (

)

* ''

Canthium megistocarpum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

& L.M.Perry * ''

Canthium merrillianum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

Mabb. Professor David John Mabberley , (born May 1948) is a British-born botanist, educator and writer. Among his varied scientific interests is the taxonomy of tropical plants, especially trees of the families Labiatae, Meliaceae and Rutaceae. He ...

* ''

Canthium merrillii ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' (Setch.) Christoph. * '' Canthium mite'' Bartl. ex

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

* ''

Canthium molle ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

Gamble Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three elem ...

* '' Canthium moluccanum''

* ''

Canthium oblongum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' (Valeton) Kaneh. * '' Canthium oliganthum'' (

) Boerl. * '' Canthium oligocarpum'' Hiern * ''

Canthium parvifolium ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

* ''

Canthium paucinervium ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' (

)

* '' Canthium pedunculare'' Cav. * '' Canthium perakanthus'' ined. * ''

Canthium polyanthum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

* ''

Canthium puberulum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Thwaites ex

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of ...

* ''

Canthium quadratum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Craib * ''

Canthium rheedei ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

* '' Canthium sarcocarpum'' (

)

* '' Canthium sarmentosum'' Craib * ''

Canthium scabridum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

* ''

Canthium scandens ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Blume * '' Canthium schlechterianum''

& L.M.Perry * '' Canthium simile''

& Chun * '' Canthium sordidum'' (

K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...

) Bullock * '' Canthium spirostylum''

* ''

Canthium stellulatum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Craib * ''

Canthium strigosum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Craib * ''

Canthium strychnoides ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Craib * '' Canthium subaureum'' Craib * '' Canthium subcapitatum'' (

)

* ''

Canthium suberosum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' Codd * ''

Canthium subsessilifolium ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually Thorns, spines, and prickles, thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species a ...

'' (

)

* '' Canthium tavoyanum'' (R.Parker)

* '' Canthium travancoricum''

Bedd. Colonel Richard Henry Beddome (11 May 1830 – 23 February 1911) was a British military officer and naturalist in India, who became chief conservator of the Madras Forest Department. In the mid-19th century, he extensively surveyed several ...

* ''

Canthium trichophorum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Quisumb. &

* '' Canthium umbelligerum''

* '' Canthium vanwykii'' Tilney & Kok * '' Canthium villarii'' Vidal * ''

Canthium violaceum ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

'' Zoll. & Moritzi

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3244344 Rubiaceae genera Afrotropical realm flora Indomalayan realm flora Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Taxonomy articles created by Polbot