![Cannele interior (12545)s](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Cannele_interior_%2812545%29s.jpg)
A canelé () is a small French
pastry
Pastry is baked food made with a dough of flour, water and shortening (solid fats, including butter or lard) that may be savoury or sweetened. Sweetened pastries are often described as '' bakers' confectionery''. The word "pastries" suggests ma ...
flavored with
rum and
vanilla
Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus ''Vanilla (genus), Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia, V. planifolia'').
Pollination is required to make the p ...
with a soft and tender custard center and a dark, thick
caramelized crust. It takes the shape of a small,
striated cylinder up to five centimeters in height with a depression at the top. A specialty of the
Bordeaux
Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefectur ...
region of
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
, today it is widely available in
pâtisserie
A () is a type of Italian, French or Belgian bakery that specializes in pastries and sweets, as well as a term for such food items. In some countries, it is a legally controlled title that may only be used by bakeries that employ a licensed ...
s in France and abroad.
History
The canelé is believed to originate from the
Couvent des Annonciades, Bordeaux in either the 15th or the 18th century.
(Though the article about this same
pastry
Pastry is baked food made with a dough of flour, water and shortening (solid fats, including butter or lard) that may be savoury or sweetened. Sweetened pastries are often described as '' bakers' confectionery''. The word "pastries" suggests ma ...
in the French Wikipedia
Canelé says "Différentes théories tentent de construire une histoire plus ancienne mais manquent totalement de fondement." "Different theories attempt to construct a more ancient history but lack any foundation whatever.") The modern word "canelé" originates in
Gascon, which was spoken in Bordeaux and a large area of southwestern France until the 19th century.
[
In ]Limoges
Limoges (, , ; oc, Lemòtges, locally ) is a city and Communes of France, commune, and the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne Departments of France, department in west-central France. It was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region ...
, there was a food called ''canole'', a bread made with flour and egg yolks, which may be the same item as that sold in Bordeaux since the 18th century under the name of ''canaule'', also written ''canaulé'' or ''canaulet''. Artisans known as ''canauliers'' who specialized in baking them registered a Corporation (or guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradesmen belonging to a professional association. They sometimes ...
) with the Parliament of Bordeaux in 1663, which allowed only them to produce several specific foods: ''Blessed bread'', ''canaules'', and ''Retortillons''. Since they were not a part of the Pastry Corporation (Guild), which had a monopoly over baking with milk and sugar or ''mixtionnée'' dough, they were prohibited from using those ingredients. The ''canauliers'' disputed the Pastry Chefs' privileges and on 3 March 1755 the council of State in Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, u ...
ruled for the ''canauliers'' and ended the Pastry Chefs' monopoly. An edict of 1767 limited the number of authorized ''canaulier'' shops in a city to eight. It created very strict requirements for joining the profession. Nevertheless, in 1785 there were at least 39 ''canaulier'' shops in Bordeaux, at least ten of which were in the district (''faubourg
"Faubourg" () is an ancient French term historically equivalent to " fore-town" (now often termed suburb or ). The earliest form is , derived from Latin , 'out of', and Vulgar Latin (originally Germanic) , 'town' or 'fortress'. Traditionally, th ...
'') of Saint-Seurin. The French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
abolished all the Corporations, but later census rolls continue to show shops of Canauliers and bakers of "blessed bread".
In the first quarter of the 20th century the canelé reappeared, even if it is difficult to date exactly when. An unknown pastry chef re-popularised the antique recipe of ''canauliers''. He added rum and vanilla to his dough. It is likely that its current shape comes from the similarity (in French) of the word wave with the word "cannelure" (fluting, corrugation, striations).
The modern name "canelé" is of recent origin. The ''Guide Gourmand de la France'' does not mention it. Only in 1985, after the pastry's popularity had begun to explode, was the Brotherhood of the Canelé of Bordeaux (Confrérie du Canelé de Bordeaux) created and the second "n" of its name removed. The name ''canelé'' became a collective brand, registered with the National Institute of Industrial Property of France by the Brotherhood. Ten years after the registration of the brand, there were at least 800 manufacturers in Aquitaine and 600 in the Gironde
Gironde ( US usually, , ; oc, Gironda, ) is the largest department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,62 ...
. In 1992, Gironde alone consumed an estimated 4.5 million canelés.
Preparation and consumption
The ''canelé'' is traditionally baked in a small cylindrical fluted mold. Traditionally the molds were brushed with beeswax, but today butter is used. Produced in numerous sizes, they can be consumed for breakfast, for snacks, and as a dessert depending in some measure on size. ''Canelés'' can be paired with red wine and many other beverages.
Traditionally, "canelés" or "cannelés of Bordeaux" are generally sold in bunches of 8 or 16. In Paris, most of the famous shops such as Ladurée and Pierre Hermé still spell it as "cannelé of Bordeaux" with double 'n'.
References
External links
*
How to make Cannelés de Bordeaux (Canelés recipe and technique)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canele
Custard desserts
French pastries
Occitan desserts
de:Bordeaux#Kulinarisches