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Candidate of Medicine ( la, candidatus medicinae (male), ''candidata medicinae'' (female), abbreviated cand. med.) is an academic degree awarded in
Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establish ...
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Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
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Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the ...
following a six-year medical school education. Medical students in Germany, Austria and Switzerland carry this title during their medical studies before being awarded the degree of Dr. med. (Germany) or Dr. med. univ. (Austria) after defending a doctoral or diploma thesis before a jury. Defence of a thesis is compulsory at some medical faculties in Germany and can be prepared during or after medical studies, while in Austria it is compulsory to defend a thesis before completion of the medical curriculum. The degree can also be written as ''candidatus/candidata medicinæ'' ( Æ instead of AE). In
Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...
and
Norwegian Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe * Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway * Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including ...
, the degree is, similar to other Latin degrees, generally not capitalized (i.e. it is written as ''candidatus/candidata medicinae'' and abbreviated ''cand.med.''). The abbreviation of the Latin term is almost exclusively used, i.e. they are not translated. The term candidate refers to those running for public office in
Ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
. Traditionally, many doctors (and lawyers) in Denmark and Norway would hold positions directly appointed by the King. In Denmark and Norway, a higher doctorate of medicine is known as dr.med. (doctor medicinae, literally, Doctor of Medicine). This degree is obtained by those furthering their career in research and is not required or usually obtained by those only working in clinical medicine. Formally it is not, however, required in Denmark to hold a cand.med. degree to acquire the doctorate. In practice most Doctors of Medicine are also Candidates of Medicine. In Denmark, there are currently two research degrees that can be obtained in the field of medicine, the ph.d., which is not officially a doctorate (although being called the lesser doctorate informally) and the doctorate, dr.med. (informally the higher doctorate). Dr.med. was abolished in Norway in 2008 and replaced by the PhD.


Norway

In Norway, the education is offered at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
University of Bergen The University of Bergen ( no, Universitetet i Bergen, ) is a research-intensive state university located in Bergen, Norway. As of 2019, the university has over 4,000 employees and 18,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 194 ...
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University of Oslo The University of Oslo ( no, Universitetet i Oslo; la, Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the highest ranked and oldest university in Norway. It is consistently ranked among the top universit ...
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University of Tromsø The University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway (Norwegian: ''Universitetet i Tromsø – Norges arktiske universitet''; Northern Sami: ''Romssa universitehta – Norgga árktalaš universitehta'') is a state university in Norway an ...
. Enrollment in a program leading to a medical degree is highly competitive in Norway. The required grades obtained in secondary education are consistently higher for medical degrees than for any other university subject. Following the education, candidates are permitted to work as a doctor and obtain the title cand.med. In order to obtain a clinical specialization (for example general surgery, internal medicine, general practice etc) a cand.med must start as a rotation doctor, first at a hospital for one year and then six months as a general practitioner. During such rotation the candidate hold the title LIS-1. After the rotation service, the candidate med continue more specific training for the specific specialization and hold the title LIS-2. The first Norwegian to receive this degree was Carl Schultz in 1817. Along with the
cand.med.vet. Cand.med.vet ( (male/female) ) or "candidate of veterinary medicine" is an academic degree awarded in Scandinavian countries following a 5,5 to 6 year veterinary medical school education. It is equivalent with the same kind of degrees given in ot ...
, cand.psychol. and cand.theol. it is one of the few
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
titles to survive the " Quality Reform" in Norway.


Medical students

In Norway, the term ''stud.med''''.'' (abbreviation of the Latin ''studiosus medicinae'' (masculine) or ''studiosa medicinae'' (feminine)) is used to denote medical students that are in their final year of medical school and have acquired a licence to practice medicine under the guidance of a more experienced doctor. In Denmark, the term is used for medical students at any point in their studies.


Other uses

In
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
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Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, and Switzerland, the term ''cand. med.'' is commonly used to denote a medical student in a six-year program who has passed the First Medical State Examination after two years of pre-clinical study and has entered the clinical part.


References

{{Cand.nav.box. Master's degrees Medical degrees Academic degrees of Denmark Academic degrees of Norway