Crown corporations in Canada are government organizations with a mixture of commercial and public-policy objectives.Tupper, Allan. 2006 February 7.
Crown Corporation
" ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' (last edited 2021 March 18). Retrieved 2021 May 19. They are directly and wholly owned by the Crown (i.e. the government of Canada or a province). Crown corporations represent a specific form of

state-owned enterprise A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a Government, government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn Profit (econom ...

. Each corporation is ultimately accountable to (federal or provincial) Parliament through a relevant

minister Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

for the conduct of its affairs. They are established by an Act of Parliament and report to that body via the relevant minister in Cabinet, though they are "shielded from constant government intervention and legislative oversight" and thus "generally enjoy greater freedom from direct political control than government departments." Crown corporations are distinct from "departmental corporations" such as the Canada Revenue Agency. Crown corporations have a long-standing presence in the country and have been instrumental in its formation. They can provide services required by the public that otherwise would not be economically viable as a

private enterprise A privately held company (or simply a private company) is a company whose shares and related rights or obligations are not offered for public subscription or publicly negotiated in the respective listed markets, but rather the company's stock is ...

or that do not fit exactly within the scope of any ministry. They are involved in everything from the distribution, use, and price of certain goods and services to energy development, resource extraction, public transportation, cultural promotion, and property management. , there were 47 federal Crown corporations in Canada. Provinces and territories operate their own Crown corporations independently of the federal government.

Structure

In Canada, Crown corporations within either the federal or provincial level are owned by the Crown as the institution's sole legal

shareholder A shareholder (in the United States often referred to as stockholder) of a corporation is an individual or legal entity (such as another corporation, a body politic, a trust or partnership) that is registered by the corporation as the legal own ...

. This follows the legal premise that the monarch, as the personification of Canada, owns all state property. Established by an Act of Parliament, each corporation is ultimately accountable to (federal or provincial) Parliament through a relevant

for the conduct of its affairs. Although these corporations are owned by the Crown, they are operated with much greater managerial

autonomy In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ...

than government departments. While they report to Parliament via the relevant minister in Cabinet, they are "shielded from constant government intervention and legislative oversight" and thus "generally enjoy greater freedom from direct political control than government departments." Direct control over operations are only exerted over the corporation's budget and the appointment of its senior leadership through Orders-in-Council. Further, in the federal sphere, certain Crown corporations can be an agent or non-agent of the Crown. One with agent status is entitled to the same constitutional prerogatives, privileges, and immunities held by the Crown and can bind the Crown by its acts. The Crown is thus entirely responsible for the actions of these organisations. The Crown is not liable for Crown corporations with non-agent status, except for actions of that corporation carried out on instruction from the government, though there may be "moral obligations" on the part of the Crown in other circumstances.

Function

Crown corporations are generally formed to fill a need that the federal or provincial government deems in the national interest or not profitable for private industry. Some Crown corporations are expected to be profitable organisations, while others are non-commercial and rely entirely on public funds to operate.

History

Prior to the formation of Crown corporations as presently understood, much of what later became Canada was settled and governed by a similar type of entity called a '' chartered company''. These companies were established by a royal charter by the

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

, English, or

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

crown, but were owned by private investors. They fulfilled the dual roles of promoting government policy abroad and making a return for shareholders. Certain companies were mainly trading businesses, but some were given a mandate (by royal charter) to govern a specific territory called a charter colony, and the head of this colony, called a proprietary governor, was both a business manager and the governing authority in the area. The first colonies on the island of

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...

were founded in this manner, between 1610 and 1728. Canada's most famous and influential chartered company was the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), founded on May 2, 1670, by royal charter of King Charles II. The HBC became the world's largest land owner, at one point overseeing , territories that today incorporate the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, as well as

Nunavut Nunavut ( , ; iu, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ , ; ) is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' ...

, the

Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ...

, and Yukon. The HBC were often the point of first contact between the colonial government and First Nations. By the late 19th century, however, the HBC lost its monopoly over Rupert's Land and became a fully privatised company. The first Crown corporation was the Board of Works, established in 1841 by the Province of Canada to construct shipping canals.

Post-confederation

The first major Canadian experience with directly

state-owned enterprises A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn profit for the governmen ...

came during the early growth of the railways. The first Canadian Crown corporation after confederation was the Canadian National Railway Company, created in 1922. During the earlier part of the century, many British North American colonies that now comprise the Canadian federation had Crown corporations, often in the form of railways, such as the Nova Scotia Railway, since there was limited private capital available for such endeavours. When three British colonies joined to create the Canadian federation in 1867, these railways were transferred to the new central government. As well, the construction of the Intercolonial Railway between them was one of the terms of the new constitution. The first section of this entirely government-owned railway was completed in 1872. Western Canada's early railways were all run by privately owned companies backed by government subsidies and loans. By the early twentieth century, however, many of these had become bankrupt. The federal government

nationalised Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...

several failing Western railways and combined them with its existing Intercolonial and other line in the East to create

Canadian National Railways The Canadian National Railway Company (french: Compagnie des chemins de fer nationaux du Canada) is a Canadian Class I railroad, Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, which serves Canada and the Midwestern United States, M ...

(CNR) in 1918 as a transcontinental system. The CNR was unique in that was a

conglomerate Conglomerate or conglomeration may refer to: * Conglomerate (company) * Conglomerate (geology) * Conglomerate (mathematics) In popular culture: * The Conglomerate (American group), a production crew and musical group founded by Busta Rhymes ** Co ...

, and besides passenger and freight rail, it had inherited major business interests in shipping, hotels, and telegraphy and was able create new lines of business in broadcasting and air travel. Many of the components of this business empire were later spun off into new Crown corporations including some the most important businesses in the mid-20th-century economy of Canada, such Air Canada, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), Via Rail, and Marine Atlantic. Provincial Crown corporations also re-emerged in the early 20th century, most notably in the selling of alcohol. Government monopoly liquor stores were seen as a compromise between the recently ended era of Prohibition in Canada and the excesses of the previous open market which had led to calls for prohibition in the first place. Virtually all the provinces used this system at one point. The largest of these government liquor businesses, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (founded 1927), was by 2008 one of the world's largest alcohol retailers. Resource and utility companies also emerged at this time, notably Ontario Hydro and

Alberta Government Telephones Alberta Government Telephones (AGT) was the telephone provider in most of Alberta from 1906 to 1991. AGT was formed by the Liberal government of Alexander Cameron Rutherford in 1906Wilson, Kevin G., Deregulating Telecommunications: U.S. and Can ...

in 1906, and SaskTel in 1908. Provincial governments also re-entered the railway business as in Northern Alberta Railways in 1925 and what later became BC Rail in 1918. A notable anomaly of this era is Canada's only provincially owned "bank" (though not called that for legal reasons) Alberta Treasury Branches, created in 1937. The

Bank of Canada The Bank of Canada (BoC; french: Banque du Canada) is a Crown corporation and Canada's central bank. Chartered in 1934 under the ''Bank of Canada Act'', it is responsible for formulating Canada's monetary policy,OECD. OECD Economic Surveys: Ca ...

, originally privately owned, became a Crown corporation in 1938. New crown Corporations were also created throughout much of the mid-century. The federal Post Office Department became a Crown corporation as

Canada Post Corporation Canada Post Corporation (french: Société canadienne des postes), trading as Canada Post (french: Postes Canada), is a Crown corporation that functions as the primary postal operator in Canada. Originally known as Royal Mail Canada (the opera ...

in 1981, and Canada's export credit agency, Export Development Canada, was created in 1985. Perhaps the most controversial was

Petro-Canada Petro-Canada is a retail and wholesale marketing brand subsidiary of Suncor Energy. Until 1991, it was a federal Crown corporation (a state-owned enterprise). In August 2009, Petro-Canada merged with Suncor Energy, with Suncor shareholders rece ...

, Canada's short-lived attempt to create a national oil company, founded in 1975. The heyday of Crown corporations ended in the late 1980s, and there has been much privatisation since that time, particularly at the federal level.

Provincial history

Not only the federal government was involved, but also the provinces, who were in engaged in an era of " province building" (expanding the reach and importance of the provincial governments) around this time. The prototypical example is

Hydro-Québec Hydro-Québec is a public utility that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the Canadian province of Quebec, as well as the export of power to portions of the Northeast United States. It was established by the ...

, founded in 1944 and now Canada's largest electricity generator and the world's largest producer of hydro-electricity. It is widely seen as a symbol of modern Quebec, helping to create the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s where French-speakers in Quebec rose to positions of influence in the industrial economy for the first time, and Quebec nationalism emerged as a political force. This model followed by SaskPower in 1944 and BC Hydro in 1961. Other areas provinces were active in included insurance ( Saskatchewan Government Insurance, 1945)

List of federal Crown corporations

List of provincial crown corporations

Alberta

In Alberta, the term '' public agency'' is used to describe "boards, commissions, tribunals or other organizations established by government, but not part of a government department." *

Agriculture Financial Services Corporation Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

Alberta Capital Finance Authority Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...

(ACFA) *

Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...

* Alberta Indigenous Opportunities Corporation * Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo) * Alberta Pensions Services Corporation * Alberta Petroleum Marketing Commission (APMC) *

Alberta Innovates Alberta Innovates (AI) is an Alberta government provincial corporation whose appointed Board of Directors is accountable to the Minister of Jobs, Economy and Innovation and is responsible for promoting innovation in the province. AI was created ...

(AI) * Alberta Treasury Branches (ATB Financial) * Credit Union Deposit Guarantee Corporation (Alberta) (CUDGC) * Travel Alberta

British Columbia

BC Assessment Authority The British Columbia Assessment Authority is a publicly owned Crown Corporation A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an ex ...

* B.C. Council for International Education *

BC Games Society The BC Games Society is a provincial crown corporation in British Columbia created in 1977. The organization is the governing body responsible for the BC Summer Games and BC Winter Games, and manages the Team BC program at the Canada Games. Ro ...

British Columbia Housing Management Commission Founded in 1967, BC Housing is a provincial Crown agency under the Ministry of Attorney General and Minister responsible for Housing, that develops, manages and administers a wide range of subsidized housing options across the province. It is loca ...

(BC Housing) * BC Hydro (formed in 1961) — took over the assets of the

British Columbia Electric Railway The British Columbia Electric Railway (BCER) was an historic railway which operated in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Originally the parent company for, and later a division of, BC Electric Company (now BC Hydro), the BCER assumed contro ...

. * BC Immigrant Investment Fund *

BC Infrastructure Benefits BC most often refers to: * Before Christ, a calendar era based on the traditionally reckoned year of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth * British Columbia, the westernmost province of Canada * Baja California, a state of Mexico BC may also refer to: ...

(BCIB) * BC Innovation Council (BCIC) * BC Lottery Corporation * BC Liquor Distribution Branch ** BC Liquor Stores ** BC Cannabis Stores * BC Pavilion Corporation — originally created to manage the BC Pavilion during Expo 86, PavCo operates BC Place Stadium and the Vancouver Convention Centre. * BC Pension Corporation * BC Transit * BC Transportation Financing Authority * British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (bcIMC) * British Columbia Public School Employers' Association * British Columbia Railway Company * British Columbia Securities Commission * Columbia Basin Trust * Columbia Power Corporation * Community Living BC * Community Social Services Employers' Association *

Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area The Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area is a Canadian river delta wetland and Wildlife Management Area near Creston in south-central British Columbia, on the floodplain of the Kootenay River at the south end of Kootenay Lake. Predominantly ...

Crown Corporations Employers' Association A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, parti ...

* Destination BC * First Peoples' Cultural Council *

Forestry Innovation Investment Forestry Innovation Investment Ltd. (FII) is a provincial government publicly owned, funded and operated company of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was set up by the government to promote BC wood products, educate on provincial fore ...

Health Employers Association of British Columbia Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organizat ...

Industry Training Authority SkilledTradesBC is a provincial government agency in the province of British Columbia, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northwa ...

* Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC; formed in 1973) * Knowledge Network *

Legal Services Society Legal Aid BC (formerly the Legal Services Society) is the legal aid provider in British Columbia, Canada. Services are available for family, immigration, and criminal law matters and include legal information, advice, or representation, depending ...

* Nechako-Kitamaat Development Fund Society *

Oil and Gas Commission The BC Oil and Gas Commission is a Crown Corporation of the province of British Columbia, Canada, established in 1998. Its mandate is to regulate oil and gas activities and pipelines in British Columbia. Their mandate does not extend to regulating ...

(formed in 1998) * Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia * Pacific Carbon Trust *

Partnerships British Columbia Inc. Partnerships BC is British Columbia's public-private partnership unit. It is a Crown Corporation, wholly owned by the Government of British Columbia. Created in 2002, it is governed by a board of directors reporting to its sole shareholder, the M ...

Post-secondary Employers' Association of British Columbia Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including univers ...

* Private Career Training Institutions Agency *

Ridley Terminals, Inc. Ridley may refer to: Education * Ridley College, a university preparatory boarding and day school located in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada * Ridley College (Melbourne), an evangelical theological college in Melbourne, Australia * Ridley Hall, ...

— Port of Prince Rupert * Royal British Columbia Museum (RBCM) * Transportation Investment Corporation (formed in 2008)

Manitoba

Crown corporations in Manitoba are supported by

Manitoba Crown Services Manitoba Crown Services ()—through the Crown Services Secretariat—provides strategic, regulatory, and policy support to the Crown corporations of Manitoba, as well as assisting in the reporting and oversight of all Crown corporations governed ...

. * Efficiency Manitoba *Manitoba Agricultural Services Corporation * Manitoba Arts Council * Combative Sports Commission (formerly Manitoba Boxing Commission) * Manitoba Film and Music * Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation * Manitoba Hydro ** Centra Gas Manitoba * Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation * Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation

New Brunswick

* Atlantic Lottery Corporation * Financial and Consumer Services Commission * NB Power * New Brunswick Liquor Corporation * Service New Brunswick * New Brunswick Community College *

New Brunswick Investment Management Corporation New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz Albums and EPs * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator ...

* WorkSafeNB

Newfoundland and Labrador

* Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation Limited *

Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador The Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador (HFNL) or Heritage NL is a non-profit Crown corporation of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador established in 1984 by the Historic Resources Act. Its mandate is to stimulate an unders ...

* Nalcor Energy * Newfoundland and Labrador Film Development Corporation * Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro * Newfoundland and Labrador Housing Corporation * Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation * Research & Development Corporation *

Defence Construction Canada Defence Construction Canada (DCC; french: Construction de Défense Canada) is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Canada. DCC was created in 1951 to help build massive defence infrastructure during the Cold War. It was notably involved i ...

Nova Scotia

Art Gallery of Nova Scotia The Art Gallery of Nova Scotia (AGNS) is a public provincial art museum based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The art museum's primary building complex is located in downtown Halifax and takes up approximately of space. The museum complex compr ...

* Develop Nova Scotia (formerly Waterfront Development Corporation Limited) * Film and Creative Industries Nova Scotia * Halifax Convention Centre Corporation (operating as Events East Group) * Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission * Harbourside Commercial Park Inc. (HCPI) *

Highway 104 Western Alignment Corporation The Cobequid Pass is the name given to a tolled section of Nova Scotia Highway 104 (the Trans-Canada Highway) between Thomson Station, Cumberland County and Masstown, Colchester County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The section is a ...

— created by statute but independent of government * Innovacorp * Nova Scotia Arts Council * Nova Scotia Beef Commission *

Nova Scotia Business Incorporated A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramat ...

Nova Scotia Crop and Livestock Insurance Commission A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

* Nova Scotia Farm Loan Board * Nova Scotia Fisheries & Aquaculture Loan Board *

Nova Scotia Film Development Corporation A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

* Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation *

Nova Scotia Harness Racing Incorporated A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramat ...

Nova Scotia Housing Development Corporation A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

* Nova Scotia Lands Incorporated (NSLI) * Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation (NSLC) *

Nova Scotia Municipal Finance Corporation A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

(NSMFC) *

Nova Scotia Power Finance Corporation A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

Nova Scotia Resources Limited A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

* Perennia Food and Agriculture Inc. *

Renova Scotia Bioenergy Inc. Renova may refer to: Cities, towns, townships etc. *Renova, Mississippi *Renova: an unincorporated settlement in Dexter Township, Minnesota Brand names * Renova (brand), a Portuguese paper products company * Trade name of tretinoin, a treatment f ...

(former Bowater Mersey assets) * Rockingham Terminal Inc. *

Sydney Environmental Resources Limited Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountai ...

* Tidal Power Corporation * Tourism Nova Scotia

Ontario

Crown corporations in Ontario are sometimes referred to as ''Crown agencies''. A Crown agency includes any board, commission, railway, public utility, university, factory, company or agency owned, controlled or operated by the King in Right of Ontario or the Government of Ontario, or under the authority of the Legislature or the

Lieutenant Governor A lieutenant governor, lieutenant-governor, or vice governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction. Often a lieutenant governor is the deputy, or lieutenant, to or ranked under a governor — a "second-in-comm ...

-in-Council.
Crown Agency Act
', R.S.O. 1990, c. 48. *

Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario The Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario is a provincial Crown corporation, established in 1962, by the ARIO Act, to "advocate areas of research for the betterment of agriculture, veterinary medicine and consumer studies" and "increase the p ...

* Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario * GroupeMédia TFO * Independent Electricity System Operator * Infrastructure Ontario * Liquor Control Board of Ontario *

Metrolinx Metrolinx is a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario that manages and integrates road and public transport in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), which comprises much of Ontario's Golden Horseshoe region. Headquartered at Union Sta ...

* Municipal Property Assessment Corporation * Niagara Escarpment Commission * Niagara Parks Commission * Northern Ontario Heritage Fund *

Ontario Agricorp Ontario Agricorp is a Crown agency of the government of Ontario that delivers risk management programs and other services to Ontario's agriculture industry. History Agricorp was created as a provincial crown corporation in 1997 under the auth ...

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion The Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (more commonly known as Public Health Ontario) is the Ontario Government agency responsible for providing scientific and technical advice to those working to promote and protect the health of ...

* Ontario Cannabis Retail Corporation * Ontario Clean Water Agency * Ontario Educational Communications Authority * Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation * Ontario Northland Transportation Commission * Ontario Health * Ontario Power Generation * Ontario Science Centre * Ontario Securities Commission *

Royal Ontario Museum The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) is a museum of art, world culture and natural history in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the largest museums in North America and the largest in Canada. It attracts more than one million visitors every year ...

* Science North *

St. Lawrence Parks Commission The St. Lawrence Parks Commission (french: Commission des parcs du Saint-Laurent) is a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario that manages parks and heritage sites along the shoreline of the St. Lawrence River in southeastern Ontario. It func ...

* TRILCOR

Prince Edward Island

Charlottetown Area Development Corporation Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in ...

Innovation PEI Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entity ...

* Island Investment Development Inc. * P.E.I. Student Financial Assistance Corporation *

Island Waste Management Corporation The Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) is a Canadian provincial Crown corporation operated by the Government of Prince Edward Island. Headquartered in Charlottetown, IWMC is responsible for collecting and disposing of solid waste in the e ...

* P.E.I. Aquaculture and Fisheries Research Initiative Inc. *

Prince Edward Island Agricultural Insurance Corporation A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

* Prince Edward Island Energy Corporation * Prince Edward Island Grain Elevators Corporation * Prince Edward Island Liquor Control Commission * Prince Edward Island Self-Insurance and Risk Management Fund * Summerside Regional Development Corporation

Quebec

Finances Québec published a list 60 Quebec Crown corporations (french: sociétés d'État) in June 2017. The following entities were among those listed: * Agence du Revenu du Québec * Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec *

Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ; ) is an institutional investor that manages several public and parapublic pension plans and insurance programs in Quebec. CDPQ was founded in 1965 by an act of the National Assembly, under the go ...

** Société de développement de la Baie-James — became a full subsidiary of Hydro-Québec in 1978. * Investissement Québec (merged with the Société générale de financement in 2010) * Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal * Musée de la civilisation * Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (founded in 1933) — became a ''société d'État'' in 1983, and changed back in 2003) * Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec *

Société des alcools du Québec The Société des alcools du Québec (SAQ; ) is a provincial Crown corporation and monopoly in Quebec responsible for the trade of alcoholic beverages within the province. Organization The official legislation governing the SAQ's operations a ...

(SAQ) **

Société québécoise du cannabis The Société québécoise du cannabis (SQDC; ), a subsidiary of the government-owned SAQ, has a legislated monopoly on the sale of recreational cannabis within the province of Québec. The act establishing the Crown corporation, Bill 157, was ...

(SQDC) * Société de développement des entreprises culturelles * Société de la Place des arts de Montréal * Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec * Société des casinos du Québec * Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq) *

Société des traversiers du Québec The Société des traversiers du Québec (STQ) is a ferry company which has operated some intra-provincial ferry services in Quebec since 1971. It is a crown corporation owned by the Government of Quebec. STQ operates the following services: ...

* Société du Centre des congrès de Québec * Société du Grand Théâtre de Québec * Société du Palais des congrès de Montréal * Télé-Québec * Loto-Québec

Saskatchewan

* Crown Investments Corporation of Saskatchewan (CIC) *

eHealth Saskatchewan eHealth (also written e-health) is a relatively recent healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication, dating back to at least 1999. Usage of the term varies as it covers not just "Internet medicine" as it was conceived ...

Financial and Consumer Affairs Authority Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of finan ...

Global Transportation Hub Global Transportation Hub Authority located in Regina, Saskatchewan is one of Canada's several inland ports, along with Centre Port in Manitoba and Port Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta. As a Crown corporation of the Government of Saskatchewan, the ...

(GTH) *

Municipal Financing Corporation of Saskatchewan A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

(MFC) *

Saskatchewan Distance Learning Corporation Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a province in western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dak ...

(DLC) * Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI) * Saskatchewan Housing Corporation (SHC) * Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority (SLGA) *

Saskatchewan Opportunities Corporation Innovation Place is the registered business name of the Saskatchewan Opportunities Corporation (SOCO), a crown corporation in Saskatchewan. SOCO operates two research parks: one located near the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan ...

(SOCO) *

Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a province in western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and No ...

* Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) * SaskBuilds * SaskEnergy * SaskGaming * SaskPower * SaskTel * SaskWater * Tourism Saskatchewan * Water Security Agency

Northwest Territories

* Northwest Territories Hydro Corporation * Northwest Territories Power Corporation * NWT Business Development and Investment Corporation *

NWT Housing Corporation NWT can mean: * New World Telecommunications, an Asian telecommunications company * The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, Jehovah's Witnesses' translation of the Bible * Net Worth Tax or Net Wealth Tax, a levy based on the aggregate v ...

* Aurora College

Nunavut

* Qulliq Energy * Nunavut Arctic College

Yukon

* Yukon Arts Centre * Yukon Energy *

Yukon Hospital Corporation Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...

* Yukon Liquor Corporation

Former Crown corporations

Several private Canadian companies were once Crown corporations, while others have gone defunct.

References

Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat: 2001 Annual Report To Parliament - Crown Corporations and Other Corporate Interests of Canada

Canadian Heritage Performance Report; March 31, 1998

Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat: 2007 Annual Report to Parliament - Crown Corporations and other Corporate Interests of Canada

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Crown Corporations Of Canada Monarchy in Canada Lists of companies of Canada Canada