Canada–Mongolia relations are

foreign relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ...

between

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

and

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

. Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 30, 1973. Canada has been represented in Mongolia through an embassy since 2008. Mongolia has an embassy in Ottawa, and in 2002 opened an Honorary Consulate in Toronto. Though Canada and Mongolia established diplomatic ties in 1973, ad hoc linkages and minor activities occurred between the two countries mainly through the Canada-Mongolia Society, which disbanded in 1980. When Mongolia formed a democratic government in 1991 after the collapse of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

, Canada began to support Mongolia with donor activities through the

International Development Research Centre The International Development Research Centre (IDRC; french: Centre de recherches pour le développement international, ''CRDI'') is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that funds research and innovation within and alongside developing regions ...

Canadian International Development Agency The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) was a federal Canadian organization that administered foreign aid programs in developing countries. The agency was merged into the Department of Foreign Affairs in 2013 by the federal governmen ...

and several

non-governmental organization A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from g ...

Timeline

The following events occurred as diplomatic relations were established and ties strengthened: *1973 Diplomatic relations were established *2001 Embassy opens in Ottawa *2002 Honorary Consulate of Mongolia opened in

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...

*2003 Honorary Consulate of Mongolia opened in

Calgary, Alberta Calgary ( ) is the largest city in the western Canadian province of Alberta and the largest metro area of the three Prairie Provinces. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, makin ...

*2008 Canada's first resident Ambassador to Mongolia Anna Biolik presented her credentials to the President of Mongolia

Embassy and consulates

The Embassy of Mongolia in Canada is located at 132 Stanley Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Mongolia opened its embassy in Canada on July 1, 2001. Mongolia also maintains Honorary Consulates in

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple ...

, Calgary, and Regina. The Embassy of Canada in Mongolia is located in Ulaanbaatar at the

Sükhbaatar Square Sükhbaatar Square ( mn, Сүхбаатарын талбай, pronounced ''Sükhbaatariin Talbai'') is the central square of Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar. The square was named for Mongolian's revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar after his death ...

State visits

*1994 - Tserenpiliyn Gombosuren, the

minister for foreign affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

of Mongolia visited Canada. *2004 - Mongolian President

Natsagiin Bagabandi Natsagiin Bagabandi ( mn, Нацагийн Багабанди; born April 22, 1950) is a Mongolian politician and the Director of Oyu Tolgoi LLC. Previously, he was the President of Mongolia from 1997 to 2005, and a member of the Mongolian P ...

made a 7-day official visit to Canada in 2004. After a meeting with Prime Minister

Paul Martin Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born August 28, 1938), also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 21st prime minister of Canada and the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2003 to 2006. The son o ...

, the leaders stated that regular Canadian-Mongolian Roundtable meetings, discussing relations between the two countries and other areas of mutual interest, should be held. *2010 - September visit by Mongolian Prime Minister S. Batbold to Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver *2013 - October, Canada's Governor General David Johnston conducted a state visit to Mongolia. *2014 - July, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs John Baird conducted an official visit to Mongolia

Agreements

*2002 The Tourism Union of Mongolia and the UK Ecological Tourism Organization signed an agreement. It was signed by U. Damdinsuren, the president of the Tourism Union of Mongolia, and the UK ambassador, Philip Rouse.

Trade

Canada is the second largest investor in Mongolia. There are 20 mining and exploration firms that as of 2008 invested approximately $400 million in Mongolia.

Ivanhoe Mines Ivanhoe Mines is a Canadian mining company focused on advancing its three principal projects in Southern Africa: the development of new mines at the Kamoa-Kakula copper discoveries in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the Platreef palladiu ...

and Rio Tinto Group are in disagreement with Mongolia over the sharing of profits of the

Oyu Tolgoi The Oyu Tolgoi mine, also ( mn, Оюутолгой, ; "Turquoise Hill"), is a combined open pit and underground mining project in Khanbogd sum within the south Gobi Desert, approximately east of the Ömnögovi Province capital Dalanzadgad ...

copper and gold mine. The Canada-Mongolia Chamber of Commerce, established in 2014, helps to connect businesses and people in both countries. The chamber advocates a sustainable and competitive business environment for all businesses and communities in Canada and Mongolia.

References

Bilateral relations of Mongolia

Ottawa