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Campamento ("camp", or "tent city") and población callampa ("mushroom town") are terms given in
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
to shanty towns. The term "mushroom town" refers to the speed in which these informal settlements sprung up between the 1960s and the 1980s, literally overnight. Nowadays, the term ''campamento'' has replaced "mushroom town".


Definition

According to the NGO Un Techo para Chile ("A roof for Chile"), a ''campamento'' is defined as a group of crude dwellings of more than eight families, lacking at least one of the following basic services:
drinking water Drinking water is water that is used in drink or food preparation; potable water is water that is safe to be used as drinking water. The amount of drinking water required to maintain good health varies, and depends on physical activity level, a ...
,
electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described ...
and
wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environme ...
, and which are illegally residing on the land.El Mercado Laboral en Campamentos
, CIS, Un Techo Para Chile. Department of Economy,
University of Chile The University of Chile ( es, Universidad de Chile) is a public research university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842, and inaugurated on September 17, 1843.
. December 2004.


Population

As of 2004, there were 531 ''campamentos'' in Chile. A total of 27,785 houses were home to 32,371 families in these shanty towns. It was estimated that 75% of that population was living below the national
poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for t ...
and 41% living under
extreme poverty Extreme poverty, deep poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty, destitution, or penury, is the most severe type of poverty, defined by the United Nations (UN) as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, includi ...
. According to figures released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (MINVU), in 2011, there were 657 campamentos, in which 27,378 families lived and in 2018, there were 822 campamentos, where 46,423 families live. Between 2010 and 2020, the total number of campamentos grew by 22%. The highest increases were seen in the cities of Antofagasta, Calama, Copiapó, Iquique-Alto Hospicio, La Serena, Valparaíso and Viña del Mar.


See also

*
Squatting in Chile Squatting in Chile is the occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner. From the 1960s onwards, informal settlements known as callampas were permitted although there were also evictions such as the massacre ...


References

{{Squatting Society of Chile Populated places in Chile Human habitats Shanty towns in South America Slums in South America Buildings and structures in Santiago Types of administrative division Geography of Santiago, Chile Squatting