William Stanley Haseltine - Morning LIght, Roman Campagna

The Roman Campagna () is a low-lying area surrounding

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

in the

Lazio it, Laziale , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

region of central

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

, with an area of approximately . It is bordered by the

Tolfa Tolfa is a town and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy; it lies to the ENE of Civitavecchia by road. It is the main center in the Monti della Tolfa, an extinct volcanic group between Civitavecchia an ...

and

Sabatini Sabatini may refer to: People * Sabatini (surname) Places * Sabatini Gardens in Madrid, Spain * Sabatini, Italy, a volcanic region in Italy See also * Sabbatini, a family name of Italian origin * Sabadini {{disambiguation, geo ...

mountains to the north, the

Alban Hills The Alban Hills ( it, Colli Albani) are the caldera remains of a quiescent volcano, volcanic complex in Italy, located southeast of Rome and about north of Anzio. The high Monte Cavo forms a highly visible peak the centre of the caldera, bu ...

to the southeast, and the

Tyrrhenian Sea The Tyrrhenian Sea (; it, Mar Tirreno , french: Mer Tyrrhénienne , sc, Mare Tirrenu, co, Mari Tirrenu, scn, Mari Tirrenu, nap, Mare Tirreno) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. It is named for the Tyrrhenian pe ...

to the southwest. The rivers

Tiber The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest List of rivers of Italy, river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where ...

and

Aniene The Aniene (; la, Aniō), formerly known as the Teverone, is a river in Lazio, Italy. It originates in the Apennines at Trevi nel Lazio and flows westward past Subiaco, Vicovaro, and Tivoli to join the Tiber in northern Rome. It formed the pr ...

run through the area.

History

During the

Ancient Roman In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...

period, it was an important agricultural and residential area, but it was abandoned during the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

due to

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

and insufficient water supplies for farming needs. The pastoral beauty of the Campagna inspired the painters who flocked into Rome in the 18th and 19th centuries. During that time, the Campagna became the most painted landscape in Europe (see Gallery below). An excursion into the Roman countryside was an essential part of the

Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a tuto ...

. The region was reclaimed in the 19th and 20th centuries for use in mixed farming, and new settlements have been built. Starting with the 1950s, the expansion of Rome destroyed large parts of the Campagna, all around the city. The only continuous green area where the natural resources of the region were saved from overbuilding is along the

Appian Way The Appian Way (Latin and Italian language, Italian: ''Via Appia'') is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient Roman Republic, republic. It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy. Its importance is ...

Gallery

File:Massimo d'Azeglio - Campagne romaine.jpg, By Massimo d'Azeglio File:Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg, By

Johann Wilhelm Schirmer Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (5 September 1807 in Jülich – 11 September 1863 in Karlsruhe) was a German landscape artist born in Jülich, within the Prussian Duchy of Jülich. Biography Schirmer was started as a student of historical paint ...

File:Schirmer, Heranziehendes Gewitter.jpg, By

File:Jacques Sablet - Portrait de Conrad Gessner.jpg, By

Jacques Sablet Jacques-Henri Sablet (1749–1803) was a French painter, part of a family of artists of Swiss origin. Sablet was born in Lausanne. He studied with his father, the painter and picture dealer Jacob Sablet (1720–1798), before moving to Paris i ...

File:Gabriel Perelle, Roman Campagna, copper plate engraving, cirka 1650.jpg, By

Gabriel Perelle Gabriel Perelle (born 1604 in Vernon, Eure, died 1677 in Paris) was a French draftsman and printmaker of topographic views and landscapes. A pupil of Simon Vouet, Perelle specialized in classical landscapes not dissimilar to those of Francisque M ...

File:Cole Thomas Roman Campagna 1843.jpg, By

Thomas Cole Thomas Cole was an English-born American artist and the founder of the Hudson River School art movement. Cole is widely regarded as the first significant American landscape painter. He was known for his romantic landscape and history paintin ...

File:George Inness - In the Roman Campagna.jpg, By

George Inness George Inness (May 1, 1825 – August 3, 1894) was a prominent United States, American landscape painting, landscape painter. Now recognized as one of the most influential American artists of the nineteenth century, Inness was influenced b ...

File:Karel Dujardin - Landscape in the Roman Campagna.jpg, By

Karel Dujardin Karel Dujardin (September 27, 1626November 20, 1678) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. Although he did a few portraits and a few history paintings of religious subjects, most of his work is small Italianate landscape scenes with animals and peasan ...

File:Markó campagna.jpg, By

Károly Markó the Elder Károly Markó, also known as Carlo Marco (25 September 1791,
@ the Magyar Életrajzi Lexikonban. Jean Achille Benouville Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Je ...

, ''View of the Ponte Nomentano in the Roman Campagna'' File:Brooklyn Museum - Landscape in the Roman Campagna - Charles-François Daubigny.jpg, By

Charles-François Daubigny Charles-François Daubigny ( , , ; 15 February 181719 February 1878) was a French painter, one of the members of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of impressionism. He was also a prolific printmaker, mostly in etchin ...

File:'Journey's Pause in the Roman Campagna', oil on canvas painting by Jervis McEntee.jpg, By

Jervis McEntee Jervis McEntee (July 14, 1828 – January 27, 1891) was an American painter of the Hudson River School. He is a somewhat lesser-known figure of the 19th-century American art world, but was the close friend and traveling companion of several of ...

,''Journey's Pause in the Roman Campagna'' File:A view of the Roman Campagna from Tivoli, evening (1644-5); Claude Gellée, called Le Lorrain.jpg, By

Claude Gellée Claude Lorrain (; born Claude Gellée , called ''le Lorrain'' in French; traditionally just Claude in English; c. 1600 – 23 November 1682) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher of the Baroque era. He spent most of his life in It ...

,''A view of the Roman Campagna from Tivoli'' File:Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein - Goethe in the Roman Campagna - Google Art Project.jpg, By

Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, known as the ''Goethe Tischbein'' (15 February 1751 in Haina – 26 February 1829 in Eutin), was a German painter from the Tischbein family of artists. Biography Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein was born on 15 ...

, ''

Goethe in the Roman Campagna ''Goethe in the Roman Campagna'' is a painting by Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, a German Neoclassical painter, depicting Johann Wolfgang von Goethe when the writer was travelling in Italy. Goethe's book on his travels to Italy from 1786–88, ...

'', 1787 File:View of the Ponte Nomentano-1837-Pierre-Nicolas Brisset.jpg, By

Pierre-Nicolas Brisset Pierre-Nicolas Brisset (18 August 1810 – 29 March 1890) was a French painter and muralist in the Academic style. He is best known for his mythological, historical and religious scenes, but also painted landscapes and portraits. Biography He w ...

,''View of the Ponte Nomentano'' File:Italy by Frank Fox (24).jpeg, By Frank Fox File:Nicolas antoine taunay - paisagem romana.jpg, By

Nicolas Antoine Taunay Nicolas-Antoine Taunay (10 February 1755 – 20 March 1830) was a French painter known best for his landscapes with scenes from ancient and modern history, mythology, and religion. Early years Nicolas Antoine Taunay was born in Paris, France, in ...

File:Campagna.jpg, By

Jan Frans van Bloemen Jan Frans van Bloemen (baptized 12 May 1662 - buried 13 June 1749) was a Flemish landscape painter mainly active in Rome. Here he was able to establish himself as the leading painter of views (vedute) of the Roman countryside depicted in the aes ...

, ''A Scene in the Roman Campagna'', 1736 File:Goethe in der Campagna (Grabmal).jpg, By

File:Goethe in der Campagna (Ruinen).jpg, By

File:Behles, Edmund (1841-1924) - n. 79 - Acquedotti nella Campagna di Roma.jpg, By Edmund Behles File:Wilhelm Oswald Gustav Achenbach, Abendstimmung in der Campagna.jpg, By Wilhelm Oswald Gustav Achenbach File:Franz Ludwig Catel (1778 - 1856), Aussicht von Ariccia gegen das Meer.jpg, By Franz Ludwig Catel File:Franz Nadorp Campagnalandschaft.jpg, By

Franz Nadorp Franz Johann Heinrich Nadorp, (June 23, 1794 – September 17, 1876) was a German painter who primarily worked and lived in Rome. Nadorp was born in Anholt, Germany, Anholt into a family of artists. He was the only son of Johann Theodor Nadorp a ...

File:Claude Lorrain 032.jpg, By

Claude Lorrain Claude Lorrain (; born Claude Gellée , called ''le Lorrain'' in French; traditionally just Claude in English; c. 1600 – 23 November 1682) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher of the Baroque era. He spent most of his life in It ...

File:Claude Lorrain 031.jpg, By

File:Tusculum Amphitheatre.jpg, By Thomas Worthington Whittredge, ''The Amphitheatre of Tusculum and Albano Mountains, Rome'', 1860 File:Joseph Wright of Derby. The Convent of San Cosimato c.1786.jpg, By

Joseph Wright Joseph Wright may refer to: *Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797), English painter *Joseph Wright (American painter) (1756–1793), American portraitist *Joseph Wright (fl. 1837/1845), whose company, Messrs. Joseph Wright and Sons, became the Metro ...

,''The Convent of San Cosimato'', c.1786 File:Pie VI aux Marais Pontins.jpg, By Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros, ''Pope

Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

's visit to the Pontine Marshes (1786) File:Carl Spitzweg 047.jpg, By

Carl Spitzweg Carl Spitzweg (February 5, 1808 – September 23, 1885) was a German romanticist painter, especially of genre subjects. He is considered to be one of the most important artists of the Biedermeier era. Life and career Spitzweg was born in U ...

, English tourists in the Roman Campagna File:ITALY, TWO GAY RAGAZZI OF THE CAMPAGNA.jpg, By Donald McLeish, Two Gay Ragazzi of the Campagna File:Strutt Pifferario.jpg, By

Arthur John Strutt Arthur John Strutt (1819 – 1888, in Rome), was an English painter, engraver, writer, traveller and archaeologist. Life Strutt was born in Chelmsford, Essex, England. He was the son of the landscape painter Jacob George Strutt (1790–186 ...

File:Campagna Cecchina tramonto.JPG, Photo File:Cecchina panorama campagna e mare.JPG, Photo File:Cecchina di A.L. - panorama campagna con Monte Savello e Monte Cavo.JPG, Photo File:Campagna di Roma.jpg, Map File:Provincia di Campagna - Stato della Chiesa.jpg, ''Map of Papal State Campagna province with Pontine Marshes (18th century)'' File:Gerardus Mercator - Latium - 1589.PNG,

Gerardus Mercator Gerardus Mercator (; 5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a 16th-century geographer, cosmographer and Cartography, cartographer from the County of Flanders. He is most renowned for creating the Mercator 1569 world map, 1569 world map based on ...

's map File:Campagnano mappa 1547.jpg, 1547 map File:Ciociaria vaticano.jpg, Map of Latium & Sabina

Sources

* {{Coord missing, Italy Geography of Lazio