''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the bindweed family

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spec ...

. The genus has a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...

in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

. They are

annual Annual may refer to: * Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year **Yearbook ** Literary annual * Annual plant * Annual report * Annual giving * Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco * Annuals (b ...

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

twining

vine A vine (Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselv ...

s growing 1–5 m tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...

s are trumpet-shaped, 3–10 cm diameter, white or pink, with (in most species) a sometimes inflated basal epicalyx. The genus bears much similarity to a related genus ''

Convolvulus ''Convolvulus'' is a genus of about 200 to 250''Convolvulus''.
Flora of China.

'', and is sometimes combined with it; it is distinguished primarily by the

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophyt ...

being smooth, and in the

ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...

being

unilocular A locule (plural locules) or loculus (plural loculi) (meaning "little place" in Latin) is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism (animal, plant, or fungus). In angiosperms (flowering plants), the term ''locule'' usu ...

. Some of the species, notably ''

Calystegia sepium ''Calystegia sepium'' (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed and many others) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, subcosmopolit ...

'' and '' C. silvatica'', are problematic

weed A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place", or a plant growing where it is not wanted.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. ...

s, which can swamp other more valuable plants by climbing over them, but some are also deliberately grown for their attractive

s. ''Calystegia'' species are eaten by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species including ''

Bedellia somnulentella ''Bedellia somnulentella'', the sweet potato leaf miner, is a moth in the family Bedelliidae. Description The wingspan is 8–10 mm. The larvae feed on '' Calystegia pubescens'', ''Calystegia sepium'', ''Convolvulus althaeoides'', ''Convo ...

'' (recorded on ''C. sepium'') and

small angle shades The small angle shades (''Euplexia lucipara'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout the Palearctic. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. As the common name ...

. The name is derived from two Greek words ''kalyx'' or ''kalux'', "cup", and ''stege'', "a covering", meaning "a covering cup", this refers to the large bracts that cover the sepals.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Calystegia'': *''

Calystegia affinis ''Calystegia affinis'' is a critically endangered species of climbing or creeping vine in the plant family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. In 2003 only about 45 mature plants were known, with about 40 of tho ...

'' *''

Calystegia atriplicifolia ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' – nightblooming false bindweed *''

Calystegia binghamiae ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' *''

Calystegia brummittii ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' *''

Calystegia catesbiana ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' – Catesby's false bindweed *''

Calystegia collina ''Calystegia collina'' is a species of morning glory known by the common name Coast Range false bindweed. It is endemic to the Coast Ranges of northern and central California, where it grows on slopes and in woodlands, often on serpentine soils. ...

'' – Coast Range false bindweed *''

Calystegia felix ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' *''

Calystegia hederacea ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' – Japanese false bindweed *'' Calystegia × howittiorum'' *'' Calystegia × krauseana'' *'' Calystegia longipes'' – Paiute false bindweed, plateau morning glory *'' Calystegia × lucana'' *'' Calystegia macaunii'' – Macoun's false bindweed *'' Calystegia macrostegia'' – island false bindweed *'' Calystegia malacophylla'' – sierra false bindweed *''

Calystegia marginata ''Calystegia marginata'' is a species of morning glory, found in eastern Australia and New Zealand. A hairless and vigorous perennial climbing plant, with twining stems. The habitat is moist gullies in sclerophyll forest and on rainforest margins ...

'' – small-flowered white bindweed New Zealand *'' Calystegia × melnikovae'' *''

Calystegia occidentalis ''Calystegia occidentalis'' is a species of morning glory known by the common names Modoc morning glory or chaparral false bindweed. It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows in hilly and mountain habitat, such as woodland and chapar ...

'' – chaparral false bindweed *'' Calystegia peirsonii'' – Peirson's false bindweed *'' Calystegia pellita'' – hairy false bindweed *'' Calystegia pubescens'' *'' Calystegia × pulchra'' – hairy bindweed *'' Calystegia purpurata'' – Pacific false bindweed *'' Calystegia × scania'' *''

'' – large bindweed, hedge bindweed, bearbind, hedgebell (

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

) *''

Calystegia silvatica The morning glory ''Calystegia silvatica'' (syn. ''Calystegia sepium silvatica'', ''C. inflata'', and ''C. sylvestris'') is known by the common name giant bindweed or large bindweed. It is the largest species of bindweed and is a strong rampant c ...

'' – great bindweed, shortstalk bindweed *''

Calystegia soldanella The morning glory ''Calystegia soldanella'' (syn. ''Convolvulus soldanella'') is a species of bindweed known by various common names such as sea bindweed, seashore false bindweed, shore bindweed, shore convolvulus and beach morning glory. Descri ...

'' – sea bindweed, seashore false bindweed, beach morning glory *'' Calystegia spithamaea'' – low false bindweed, upright bindweed *''

Calystegia stebbinsii ''Calystegia stebbinsii'' is a rare species of morning glory known by the common name Stebbins' false bindweed. It is Endemism, endemic to the Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sierra Nevada foothills and the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, of California ...

'' – Stebbins' false bindweed, Stebbins' morning glory *'' Calystegia subacaulis'' – hillside false bindweed *''

Calystegia tuguriorum The morning glory ''Calystegia tuguriorum'' is a species of bindweed Bindweed may refer to: * Some species of Convolvulaceae (bindweed family or morning glory family): ** '' Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, morning glory), a genus of ab ...

'' – New Zealand bindweed, pōuwhiwhi, pōwhiwhi, rarotawake Pōuwhiwhi_(Calystegia_tuguriorum)

*'' Calystegia vanzuukiae'' File:DSCM1934_Helix_Zaunwinde.jpg File:Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe (8595873042).jpg, ''

'' ( van Houtte, L., 1853)

References

Flora of China: ''Calystegia''

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q149312 Convolvulaceae genera Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)